注釋2(3 / 3)

[ 231 ] 原文 the people 指 the Chinese people,故翻譯時增加“中國”一詞。

[ 232 ] 原文 Ceremony is simply the expression of reverence 並未指明其出處,但根據其語氣和判斷句式看,ceremony 對應“禮”;reverence 對應“敬”;is判斷詞;simply 對應語氣詞“而已”。整句譯為:“禮者,敬而已矣。”

[ 233 ] 原文 we now see how evident it is that a judgment of the manners and customs of a nation should be founded upon the knowledge of the moral principles of the people 翻譯時,加以拆分,其中 a judgment … a nation 和 the knowledge … the people 分別拆分成小句, 然後用古漢語句式“欲……必……”連接即可。其中 we now see 為英文寫作時過渡字詞,譯為“可見”,其用法,見宋·趙與時《賓退錄》卷三:“然後世正使匱乏極,亦何肯出此令,可見當時錢之艱得也。”how evident 譯為:“顯而易見”,其用法,見宋·王安石《洪範傳》:“莫若質請天物之顯而易見,且可以為戒也。”

[ 234 ] 原文 Professor Lowes Dickinson of Cambridge University in an eloquent passage of his article on The War and the Way out,… 其中 eloquent 意為“意味深長。”其用法,見宋·程顥、程頤《河南程氏遺書》:“讀之愈久,但覺意味深長。”

[ 235 ] 原文 The future (the future of civilisation in Europe, he means) cannot be moulded to any purpose until the plain men and women, workers with their hands and workers with their brains in England and in Germany and in all countries get together and say to the people who have led them into this catastrophe and will lead them into such again and again… 此句較長,但句子結構並不複雜,即英語句型 “not…until…”;其中 all countries 是指歐洲所有國家,此處譯為“歐洲之全體”;“全體”之義與用法,見宋·劉克莊《郊行》詩:“山晴全體出,樹老半身枯。”get together 譯為“同心並力”,其用法,見漢·賈誼《過秦論》:“且天下嚐同心並力攻秦矣,然困於險阻而不能進者,豈勇力智慧不足哉?”翻譯時,仍然按認知翻譯程序則可得出譯文,“英國、德國,乃至歐洲之全體,其當權者,已致其人民於災難再三;唯其群黎百姓及工人,同心並力,恃其智慧,舉其雙手,起而抗之曰……”。

[ 236 ] 原文 And never again! You rulers, soldiers and diplomats, you who through the long agony of history have conducted the destinies of mankind and conducted them to hell, we do now repudiate you. 此處引文為迪金森所言,在迪金森看來,戰亂之責,當由 rulers,soldiers and diplomats 負責,故其中 soldiers 譯為“軍閥”,而在辜鴻銘看來,並非如此,責在群氓崇拜,因此,在其他處,譯為“軍人”。譯文中,“是可忍,孰不可忍”,隱含在原文中,翻譯時將隱含之義明示化。

[ 237 ] “擺脫”之用法,見唐·韓偓《送人棄官入道》詩:“忸怩非壯誌,擺脫是良圖。”

[ 238 ] “前途”之用法,見清·梁啟超《飲冰室合集·文集》:“前途似海。”

[ 239 ] 原文 the plain men and women 實際上就是指“民眾”、“平民”。譯為“群黎百姓”,其義見《詩·小雅·天保》:“群黎百姓,遍為爾德。”

[ 240 ] 原文 The plain men and women in Ireland in trying to take into their own hands the question even of ho wto govern themselves were actually flying at each others’throats and if this greater war had not come, would at this moment,be cutting each other’s throats. 其中 take into … the question of … 意為“介入”,此處譯為“介居”,其用法,見《左傳·襄公九年》:“介居二大國之間。”“自行”之用法,見《莊子·天下》:“以此教人,恐不愛人;以此自行,固不愛人。” “決斷”之用法,見《呂氏春秋·決勝》:“勇則能決斷。” flying at each others’ throats 字麵義為“飛奪他人之喉”,意為“攻擊”。cut one’sthroat 字麵義為“割喉”。此處辜鴻銘連用兩個形象短語來表明群氓崇拜必然導致民眾慘烈的自相殘殺場麵。因此,在翻譯時采用直譯法翻譯,保留原文的形象。

[ 241 ] 原文 it was not the rulers, soldiers and diplomats who have led the plain men and women into this war 前後文頗多重複,翻譯時,根據前一句而作簡譯“非也,非如此也。”

[ 242 ] 原文 these actual rulers have no say whatever in the government or conduct of public affairs in their countries 其中 have no say … in … 意為“在……方麵,無發言權”;government 指“管理”而非“政府”;“conduct”指“實施”。

[243] 原文 to prevent a civil war 在句中屬重複字詞,翻譯時承前異詞而譯。

[ 244 ] “講演”之用法,見梁啟超《論支那宗教改革》:“今講演之間,時刻匆促,不能多引也。”

[ 245 ] 原文 the capacity of thought 意為:“人的思辨能力”,譯為:“思理”,其義及用法,見《晉書·戴若思傳》:“思理足以研幽,才鑒足以辯物。”

[ 246 ] 譯文中“蹈規循矩”之用法,見明·徐霖《繡襦記·偽儒樂聘》:“空窮讀數行書,蹈規循矩沒是非。”“一成不變”之用法,見宋·葉適《上韓提刑》:“唯法令製時之要,而經術飾治之餘,二者之間,久焉難居;一成不變,無乃過中。”

[ 247 ] 原文 in other words,merely to do whatever the plain men and women in the country tell them to do.其中 them 指上文提及的外交官,直譯為“換言之,群黎百姓有差使,外交官必行之。”由於辜鴻銘極其反感群氓崇拜,因此,此句含有譏諷之意,如直譯,譏諷之意未能顯現。所以譯為“真可謂,下有差使,上必行之。”

[ 248 ] 原文 Bobus of Houndsditch,其中 Bobus 本指“略懂英語之印度人”,此處辜鴻銘指英國群氓。Houndsditch,英國倫敦一街道名稱,此街道最早出現於13世紀,屬平民居住的低窪窩棚區,溝壑縱橫,汙水四溢,垃圾死狗,四處亂扔。故得此名。意譯為:“肮髒窩棚區之巴布。”

[ 249 ] 原文 but every plain man and woman…are given full power … the power to tell the actual ruler, soldier and diplomat what they are to do for the good and security of the nation.”句中兩個 power 為同位語,是對前作進一步解釋。在辜鴻銘看來,實際統治者是軍人及外交官(上),卻無權力,而 every plain man and woman 為群黎百姓(下),卻享有至高無上之權力。故,此句最後部分譯為“下有所欲,上必行之。”

[ 250 ] “欣戴”之用法,見《國語·周語》:“庶民不忍,欣戴武王。”

[ 251 ] “彌縫其闕,而匡救其災”之用法,見《左傳·僖公二十六年》:“糾合諸侯,而謀其不協,彌縫其闕,而匡救其災。”

[ 252 ] “盼眄”之用法,見蘇曼殊《焚劍記》:“妾與妹氏居此,盼眄公子歸來。”

[ 253 ] “約信盟誓”之用法,見《荀子·富國》:“約信盟誓,則約定而畔無日。”

[ 254 ] “討探”之用法,見宋·歐陽修《讀梅氏詩有感示徐生》詩:“而幸知此樂,又常深討探。”“插手”之用法,見宋·陳造《再次韻答許節推》:“宦途要處難插手、詩社叢中常引頭。”“妄相幹涉”之用法,見《後漢書·東夷傳·濊》:“不得妄相幹涉。”

[ 255 ]“駕”之用法,見《呂氏春秋·貴國》:“其亂至矣,不可以駕矣。”

[ 256 ] 原文 because the rulers of the countries now at war,unless they are absolute incurable lunatics or demons,which everybody must admit that they are not, ——?no,not even,I will venture to say here,the most slandered man now in Europe,the Emperor of Germany,—?they,the rulers of the countries now at war,must see that for them together to continue to spend nine million pounds sterling of the blood and sweat-earned money of their people everyday in order to slaughter the lives of thousands of innocent men and to destroy the homes and happiness of thousands of innocent women, is really nothing but infernal madness. 此句甚長,但結構並不複雜。“—”之間的文字為插入語。because 之後 the rulers of the countries now at war 可以看做贅語(可以省略)。這樣結構就變為“unless… + 主句”的結構。原文是正麵表達,翻譯時采用反麵表達,原文是陳述句、譯文采用設問句,這樣更能表達原文所達之意圖。原文men指“軍人”; women指“婦女家庭”;see指“明白”,而非“看見”;譯文中“瘋魔”之用法,見《再生緣》第六十四回:“看到心中飄蕩處,瘋魔了,藍巾彩袖二裙釵。”“無間獄”之義,見唐·玄奘《大唐西域記·秣底補羅國》:“今此論師,任情執見,毀惡大乘,墮無間獄。”

[ 257 ] 原文 this rate of spending and slaughtering 其中 rate 既可作“速度”解,亦可作“費用”解。根據漢語搭配習慣,分別譯為“如此巨大之日耗,如此速度之屠戮。”

[ 258 ] “見得”之用法,見元·範康《竹葉舟》楔子:“或者他肯濟助我,也未見得。”

[ 259 ] “堅持”之用法,見《新唐書·元澹傳》:“豈悟章句之士,堅持昔言,……,果於仍故?”

[ 260 ] “簡要”之用法,見唐·劉知幾《史通·表曆》:“文尚簡要,語惡煩蕪。”

[ 261 ] “理當”之用法,見南朝·梁·沈初明《勸進梁元帝第三表》:“四海同哀,六軍祖哭;聖情孝友,理當感動。”

[ 262 ] “遊行”之用法,見《二十年目睹之怪現狀》第六七回:“把鄉下人枷上,判在靜安寺路一帶遊行示眾。”“示威”之用法,見《左傳唐·昭公十三年》:“叔向曰:‘諸侯不可以不示威。’”

[ 263 ] “發號布令”與“興師動眾”之用法,見《吳子·勵士》:“夫發號布令,……興師動眾。”“開動”之用法,見《漢書·禮樂誌》:“青陽開動,根以遂。”

[ 264 ]“製止”之用法,見三國·魏·劉劭《人物誌·材理》:“凡人心有所思,則耳且不能聽,是故並思俱說,競相製止。”

[ 265 ] 原文 the Champion of the Liberalism of his time 其中 Champion 意為“冠軍”。譯為“佼佼者”,其用法,見《後漢書·劉盆子傳》:“卿所謂鐵中錚錚,傭中佼佼者。”

[ 266 ] 原文 what is more, this Magna Charta of Loyalty, —this Religion of good citizenship with its Magna Charta of Loyalty, by enabling all good men and true to help their legitimate rulers to awe and keep down the mob—will enable the rulers of all countries to keep peace and maintain order in their own countries and in the world without the Knout, without policeman, without soldier; in one word without militarism. 句子較長,但結構不複雜,破折號之間為同位語。翻譯時可先拆分為命題小句,分而譯之。其中 to awe and keep down the mob 譯為“威懾鎮壓”。“威懾”之用法,見唐·元稹《論教本書》:“趙高之威懾天下,而胡亥已自幽於深宮矣。”“鎮壓”之用法,見《晉書·唐彬傳》:“今諸軍已至,足以鎮壓內外。”to keep and maintain order 譯為“使有保護”,其用法,見唐·孔穎達《尚書正義》:“成定東周郊境,使有保護。”

[ 267 ] 原文 tear up 中 up 意為“完全”、“徹底”,故譯為“徹底撕毀”。“徹底”之用法,見《朱子語類》卷十九:“所謂誠其意者,表裏內外徹底皆如此。”

[ 268 ] 原文 The great Soldier?-?Gentleman of Japan, Tokugawa lyeyasy,after he had,with his sharp sword,cast the “devil of cruelty”out of old feudal Japan?——just in the same way as the British“Unknown warrior”whom they lately buried in Westminster Abbey in England, has now cast the “devil” called Furor Teutonicus out of feudal Germany?——?was on his death-bed, he sent for his grandson lyemistsu and said to him,“You are the man who one day will have to govern an empire. Remember, the way to govern an empire is to have a gentle and tender heart (the Latin alma as in alma mater, the extreme gentle tenderness of a mother.”此句所在段落與下文段落在比較相同性。其中“Unknow warrior”乃辜鴻銘之筆誤,應為“Unknown warrior”。此句中兩個“——”之間內容為插入語,旨在引出下段內容。因此,翻譯時,把此句內容移位到下一段開頭,從而形成上下段落自然過渡。

[ 269 ] 原文 the windsor “Garter Inn” and introducing him to Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Anne Page, Bardolf, Pistol, Nym 提及之地點、人物均出自莎士比亞之《溫莎之風流娘們兒》。此處采用朱生豪之譯名。

[ 270 ] 原文 Confucius in his time was so sick of hearing people talk of civilization that he once said,“Civilization,Civilization,is the cry now: but are carrying fine jades and wearing silk dresses the whole of civilization?”此句是辜鴻銘翻譯自《論語·陽貨第十七》之十一,全句為:“禮雲禮雲, 玉帛雲乎哉?樂雲樂雲,鍾鼓雲乎哉?”辜鴻銘引用孔子言論以證明美國乃蠻夷之國,因為文明之本,在禮樂,禮尤甚。玉帛鍾鼓隻能是禮樂之外在形式而非全部。此處孔子言語之英譯,與辜鴻銘翻譯之《論語》全然不同。可見辜鴻銘對中國經典之理解亦有發展之過程。其英文《論語》曰:“Men speak about Art! Art! Do you really think that merely means painting and sculpture?Men speak about music! Music! Do you think that means merely bells, drums, and musical instruments?”