第二部分閬苑仙境Chapter Two
The Fairyland of Langyuan閬苑是中國古代神話傳說中神仙居住的地方,然而，閬苑又是四川閬中的別名,這一稱謂可以追溯到唐朝。高祖李淵之子李靈夔和李元嬰先後在閬中為官。他倆在任職期間，以皇家規格在閬中城西建了一個華麗的花園，時稱隆苑，後改稱閬苑。從那以後，閬苑就成了閬中城及閬中縣（市）的代名詞。
Langyuan was a place where the gods and immortals lived according to ancient Chinese mythological stories. However, it is another name for Langzhong of Sichuan. This name can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. When Li Lingkui and Li Yuanying, sons of Emperor Li Yuan in the early Tang Dynasty, conducted jurisdiction over Langzhong, they had a grand garden built in the west district of Langzhong Town according to the standards of the royal family.The garden was so beautiful and magnificent that its fame widely spread. It was called Longyuan at that time. Later, Longyuan was renamed as Langyuan. Since then, Langyuan has been another name of Langzhong.1.閬中概況
A General Introduction to Langzhong
閬中是古代巴國的最後國都。據傳，巴國的最初都城在重慶巴縣（今巴南區），因遭楚國威逼，遂將其都城遷至豐都、合川等地，最後遷至閬中。公元前316年，秦國趁蜀國與巴國發生戰爭之機，派司馬錯、張儀率大軍南下，一舉滅掉蜀國。公元前314年，又順手牽羊滅掉巴國，並改置巴郡，同時設閬中縣。“閬中”一名正式產生。
Langzhong was the last capital of the ancient Ba State. It is said that the original capital of the Ba State was in Ba County of Chongqing (namely todays Banan District). Bullied by the Chu State, the Ba State was forced to move its capital elsewhere, first to Fengdu, then to Hechuan and finally to Langzhong. In 316 BC, the Ba State and the Shu State had a war. In the name of helping the Ba State, the Qin Kingdom sent troops to wipe out the Shu State. Instead of retreating, the Qin Kingdom took this opportunity to conquer the Ba State in passing. Afterwards, the Qin Kingdom downgraded the former Ba State to Ba Prefecture. In 314 BC, the Qin authority officially set up Langzhong County in the Ba Prefecture. The name of Langzhong came into being from then on.
閬中自古以來就是川北政治、經濟、文化中心乃至軍事重鎮。曆代多為親王重臣駐守。如三國時，劉備義弟張飛鎮守閬中；唐初，魯王靈夔和滕王元嬰先後鎮守閬中；明時，壽王朱祐榰出守閬中等。
Langzhong has been the centre of politics, economics, culture and the military in northern Sichuan since ancient times. Over the past dynasties, it was often governed by princes or highranking generals. For example, during the ThreeKingdoms Period, Emperor Liu Bei sent his blood brother Zhang Fei to garrison Langzhong. In the early Tang Dynasty, Prince Lu, Li Lingkui and Prince Teng, Li Yuanying, governed Langzhong respectively for a period of time. In the Ming Dynasty, Prince Zhu Youzhi once administered Langzhong.
閬中古城是中國四大古城之一。其占地麵積在20世紀90年代初尚有三平方公裏，目前僅存約兩平方公裏。閬中古城至今仍保存著唐宋格局、明清風貌的建築特色，其建築樣式多姿多彩，內涵博大精深，被專家譽為民間建築藝術的殿堂。
Langzhong Ancient City is one of the four biggest wellpreserved ancient countytowns in China, covering an area of nearly two square kilometres. It remains the architecture layout of TangSong Dynasties and the architecture style of MingQing Dynasties. The forms and patterns of the buildings are multifarious and they boast profound cultural connotation. So Langzhong Ancient City is acclaimed as “a museum of folk architecture” by specialists.
閬中古城是全國少有的風水文化古城。閬中因山水而得名。“閬”字的寫法是“門”內一個“良”字。“良”指的就是閬中城區，說明這個地方非常適合於人類居住，是一塊風水寶地。“門”指的是嘉陵江閬中段，或閬中城周圍的山，或山與水的共同體。總之，閬中城的地理特征是“三麵環水，四麵環山”。
Langzhong Ancient City is a rare fengshui (a unique Chinese culture) ancient city. Langzhong got its name from its landform. The ancient urban district is a very good place for people to live. This part makes the Chinese character liang—“良”, which means grace. The Jialing River and the nearby mountains make the character men— “門”, which means door. So the Chinese character Lang—“閬” means something nice inside the door. Generally speaking, the geographical feature of Langzhong Town is that it is surrounded by the Jialing River on three sides and by the mountains on four sides.
閬中是國家級的曆史文化名城，擁有兩千三百多年的悠久曆史和燦爛文化，名勝古跡甚多。閬中有國家級文物保護單位四處，省級文物保護單位十二處，市級文物保護單位兩百多處。
Langzhong is a famous national historical and cultural city, boasting a long history of over 2,300 years and a brilliant culture. There is an abundance of places of interest and cultural relics. At present, there are four cultural relic sites under state protection, twelve under provincial protection and more than two hundred under citylevel protection.
閬中素有“閬苑仙境”之稱，自古以來就是旅遊勝地。多少達官顯貴、社會名流、文人墨客、平民百姓慕名而來。如古時就有杜甫、蘇軾、陸遊等來閬中，並留下了大量的墨寶，從而更豐富了閬中的文化。如今，閬中是中國優秀旅遊城市之一。蘭渝鐵路和南廣高速公路均過閬中。每逢黃金周，遊客更是蜂擁而至。閬中旅遊業的前景看好。
Langzhong has long been acclaimed as“Langyuan Fairyland”. It has been a tourist resort since ancient times. Motivated by its fame, many celebrities and common people come for a visit. For example, ancient poets such as Du Fu, Su Shi and Lu You once came to Langzhong. They left plenty of valuable writings. And conversely, these writings enriched Langzhongs culture. Today, Langzhong is one of the most famous tourist cities in China. The LanYu (LanzhouChongqing) Railway and the NanGuang (NanchongGuangyuan) Expressway both go through Langzhong. On every golden holiday week, tourists swarm in. The future of the Langzhong tourism industry is very bright.
閬中市現有人口86萬，其中市區人口17萬。土地麵積1 878平方公裏。
Langzhong has a population of 860,000, including 170,000 urban residents. It covers an area of 1，878 square kilometres.閬中所在的地理位置如下圖：
The geographical location of Langzhong is as follows:2.閬中市旅遊景點簡介
A Brief Introduction to the Tourist Attractions
of Langzhong City
狀元坊古城的標誌性建築，同時也是從新城區進入古城區的界標。它是為紀念閬中古代的四名狀元——唐朝的尹樞、尹極和宋朝的陳堯叟、陳堯谘而修建的。
Zhuangyuan Gateway is a landmark building. It functions as a threshold between the ancient city and the new city. The names of four zhuangyuans are inscribed on it. “Zhuangyuan” in Chinese means “Number One Scholar”. Yin Shu and Yin Ji were a pair of brother Number One Scholars in the Tang Dynasty. Chen Yaosou and Chen Yaozi were another pair of brother Number One Scholars in the Song Dynasty. This gateway is specially built to remember these four Zhuangyuans.
華光樓古城的標誌性建築。高255米, 三層琉璃瓦歇山式屋頂。登上樓頂可觀賞閬中古城全景。原華光樓屢遭火焚，但屢焚屢建。
現華光樓為清同治六年（1867）在原址上複建的，迄今已有一百四十多年的曆史。華光樓是閬中古城保存最完好的一幢古樓，有“閬苑第一樓”之稱。
Huaguang Pagoda is a landmark building of Langzhong Ancient City. It is 255 metres high. It has three stories with glazed tiles, saddle roofs and upturned eaves. People can enjoy the panoramic view over the Ancient City on the top floor of the pagoda. The former pagoda was ruined many times by fire and was reconstructed many times again. The present pagoda is a replica built in 1867 at its former site. It boasts a history of over 140 years. It is the best preserved old pagoda so far. And it has been acclaimed as “Number One Pagoda in Langyuan”.
中天樓原位於閬中古城的中心，是閬中古城的風水坐標。它矗立在十字路口，樓下有四個牌門，所以又叫四牌樓。從樓下的四個方向延伸出去可達四道城門。這種布局體現了風水學中“天心十道”的理念。原中天樓在民國時被毀。現中天樓是在其原址上於2006年複建的。
Zhongtian Pagoda,or Middle Heaven Pagoda was the centre of Langzhong Ancient City in the past. It stood on a crossroads. It had four gateways. So it was also called FourGateway Pagoda. Starting from the four gateways one could get to the four city gates. This layout represented the fenshui concept that “the centre of the heaven is on a crossroads”. Therefore Middle Heaven Pagoda was the fenshui coordinate of the Ancient City. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Republic of China (1912-1949). Now, this pagoda is a replica built at its former site in 2006.