1.I found it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time.Being in company,even with the best,is soon wearisome and dissipating.I love to be alone.I have never found a companion that was as friendly as solitude.We are for the most part lonelier when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our homes.A man thinking or working is always alone.Solitude is not measured by miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellowmen.The really diligent student in one of the crowded rooms of a college is as a hermit in the desert.The farmer can work alone in the fields or the woods all day,weeding or chopping,and not feel lonesome,because he is employed.But when he comes home at night,he cannot be alone.He must be where he can see“the folks”，and he thinks,repay himself for his day's solitude.So he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without boredom and the“blues”.But he does not realize that the student,although in his house,is still at work in his field,and chopping in his woods.
參考譯文：我發現用大部分時間來獨處是有益的。與人相處，哪怕是跟最好的人相處，也很快會讓人厭倦和消耗精力。我喜歡獨處。我還從來沒有找到比孤獨更親近的朋友。我們到海外人群中漫遊時，大都比我們獨自在家時更孤獨。當人們思考和工作時，總是獨自一人的。
衡量孤單的並不是人與人相隔的空間距離。真正勤勉的學生，哪怕他處於校園人群喧鬧的一個房間內，也如沙漠中的隱士一樣。農夫能在田間或林中獨自工作一整天，鋤草或劈柴都不覺得孤單，因為他在工作著。但當晚上回到家，他就不能再獨處了。他必須處於能看到“家人”的地方，而且他想，這是對他一整天獨處的回報，所以他不理解學生怎麼能整日整夜呆在房間裏而不感到厭倦和“憂傷”。這是因為農夫沒有認識到，盡管學生坐在房間裏，他仍然在他的田間工作、在他的林中劈柴。
2.About Reading Books Virginia woolf（1882～1941）
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes,fiction,biography,poetry-we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.Yet few people ask from books that books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconception when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.Do not dictate to your author；try to become him.Be his fellow worker and accomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.Steep yourself in this,acquaint yourself with this,and soon you will find that your author is giving you,or attempting to give you,something far more definite.[TEM8（2005）]參考譯文：書既然有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，就應當區別對待，從各類書中取其應該給予我們的東西。這話說來簡單。然而很少有人向書中索取他能給我們的東西，我們拿起書來往往懷著模糊而又雜亂的想法，要求小說是真實的，詩歌是虛假的，傳記要吹捧，史書能加強我們自己的偏見。讀書時如能拋開這些先入之見，便是極好的開端。
不要對作者指手劃腳，而要盡力與作者融為一體，共同創作，共同策劃。如果你不參與，不投入，而是一開始就百般挑剔，那你就無緣從書中獲得最大的益處。你若敞開心扉，虛懷若穀，那麼，書中精細入微的寓意和暗示便會把你從一開始就碰上的那些像是山回路轉般的句子中帶出來，走到一個獨特的人物麵前。鑽進去熟悉它，你很快就會發現，作者展示給你的或想展示給你的是一些比原先要明確得多的東西。
3.Most of us,when young,had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing.At the time,we may have resented this intruder-but as we grew older,we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with.It was not the intruder that“caused”the break,but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface,many marriages seem to break up because of a“third party.”This is,however,a psychological illusion.The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love,the vengeful feeling that someone else has“come between”oneself and a beloved.This is always a distortion of reality,for people are not the captives or victims of others,they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill.
參考譯文：或許我們中的多數人年輕時都有過這樣的經曆：情人被某個更漂亮、更具魅力的人奪走了！當時我們怨恨這位“入侵者”，但是隨著年歲的增長，我們認識到：所謂的情人原本不屬於我們。不是“入侵者”導致決裂，而是本來就缺乏堅實的關係。從表麵上看，許多婚姻好像毀在“第三者”手裏。然而這隻是一種心理幻覺。第三者不過是個表象，它隻是瓦解了一個早已失去其內在完整性的婚姻而已。世上最沒有出息、最自欺欺人之事莫過於因失去愛情而痛苦、因第三者的“插足”而萌生複仇之念。這其實是對事實的歪曲，因為人並非他人的“俘虜”或“犧牲品”，他們都是自由的，命運是好是壞，都應該由自己做主。
4.Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring；for ornament,is in discourse；and for ability,is in the judgment and disposition of business……Reading makes a full man；conference a ready man；and writing an exact man.And therefore,if a man write little,he had need have a great memory；if he confer little,he had need have a present wit；and if he read little,he had need much cunning,to seem to know what he does not.Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.（Francis Bacon：Of Studies,1597）
參考譯文：讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。其怡情也，最見於獨處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見於高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見於處世判事之際……讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人準確。因此不常作筆記者須記憶力特強，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術，始能無知而顯有知。讀書使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數學使人周密，科學使人深刻，倫理學使人莊重，邏輯修辭之學使人善辯。
5.As one of the varieties during the process of English localization in China,China English,which is based on Standard English,is gradually accepted and approbated by scholars all over the world.China English reflecting Chinese flavor and expressing Chinese culture-loaded words is an important means or method to introduce Chinese cultures to the outside world.China English owns its specific vocabulary,phrases and discourses,and is not distorted by its mother language.Chinglish,an abnormal language phenomenon which will block external communication and cultural exchange,should be guarded against in communication with Westerners.
This thesis consists of three chapters.The first chapter proposes the theory basis of China English,and makes an introduction to the definitions of China English,Standard English and Chinglish as well as the differences among them.The second chapter makes an analysis of the formation of China English,such as transliteration,loan translation and semantic regeneration.This chapter also probes into the features of China English in terms of phonetics,vocabulary,sentence and discourse.The last chapter explores the significance and tendency of China English.
參考譯文：以標準英語為基礎的中國英語作為英語本土化過程中的一個變體，正逐步被世界所接受和運用。中國英語反映中國特有的事物和文化，已成為一個推廣中國文化的重要渠道。中國英語不受母語扭曲，且擁有其自身的詞彙、短語和篇章結構。中式英語則是一種阻礙對外文化交流的非正常的語言現象，應避免出現。本文共分為三章。第一章介紹了中國英語產生的理論依據以及中國英語、標準英語和中式英語的定義，並指出了中國英語、標準英語與中式英語之間的區別。第二章分析了中國英語的構成方式，如音譯、借譯和語義再生等等；探討了中國英語在語音、詞彙、句式和篇章等方麵的特點。第三章討論了中國英語的現狀、重要性和及其發展趨勢。
6.ABSTRACT
Different countries enjoy different cultures and language as one part of culture is undoubtedly influenced by it.The ignorance of cultural elements is likely to invite mistranslation and lack of the original glamour.According to many researchers,culture proves to be a major obstacle to achieving the preciseness of translation,which requires the overall consideration of conceptual meaning as well as cultural implied meaning.The thesis consists of four chapters.The first chapter probes into the definition of culture and the ties among culture,language and translation；the following two chapters are the main body of the thesis in which the second chapter makes an analysis of cultural factors affecting translation of Chinese culture-specific words,such as geographic,historical,religious factors,and customs,and the third chapter discusses the semantic distinctions between Chinese culture-loaded words and English ones；the last chapter proposes various and proper translation methods in translation of Chinese culture-loaded words from a cultural angle.
Keywords：Chinese culture-loaded words；cultural factors；translation from Chinese to English；translation methods.
參考譯文：摘 要不同民族擁有不同的文化。語言作為文化的一部分，毫無疑問會受到文化因素的影響。在翻譯的過程啊中，如果忽視文化因素很容易導致誤譯。許多研究者發現，文化已成為影響翻譯準確度的重要因素。這就要求譯者不僅要考慮詞語的概念意義還要考慮其文化。本文共分四章。第一章探討了文化的定義以及文化、語言和翻譯三者之間的關係；接下來的兩章為本文的主體部分；第二章分析了影響漢語文化詞彙的文化因素，如地理、曆史、風俗習慣和宗教信仰等因素；第三章討論了漢語文化詞語與英語文化詞語之間的語義差異；第四章則針對以上分析從文化角度提出適合漢語文化詞語英譯的翻譯方法。
關鍵詞：漢語文化詞語；文化因素；漢譯英；翻譯方法
7.Correspondence Course Available
The Correspondence Department of Shanghai International Studies University（SISU）will provide a variety of Correspondence Courses：Basic English,Foreign Trade English,International Economy and Trade,Basic Japanese,Basic Russian.The courses are open to applicants all over the country.The duration of each course is one year,one and a half years or two years.A certificate will be issued upon successful completion of a course.
For further information,please write to：
Correspondence Department,Shanghai International Studies University,550Dalianxi Road
Zip code：200083（please include￥1worth of stamp）
參考譯文：上海外國語學院函授部招生招收班別：基礎英語班，中級英語班，科技英語班，外貿英語班，國際經貿專業班，基礎日語班，基礎俄語班。招生對象：全國各地有誌於外語學習者。學習年限：一年、一年半、二年。學習期滿，經考試合格發給單科結業證書或學業證書。如欲參加學習，即日起可函索簡章及報名卡。本部地址：上海市大連西路550號，上海外國語學院函授部。郵政編碼：200083（附郵資一元）