正文 以口譯實例談雙語知識的必要性(1 / 3)

以口譯實例談雙語知識的必要性

文學語言學研究

作者:金懿韜

摘 要: 在口譯實戰中,源語發言人的意思和情感,必須被完整、準確地翻譯成目的語,傳達給目的語受眾,促成雙方的溝通和了解。本文根據釋意理論的要求,通過實例講解雙語知識在口譯實戰中的必要性。

關鍵詞: 釋意理論 雙語知識 源語言 目的語

引言

口譯實戰中,源語發言人表達的信息和情感,可通過口譯,用目的語重新傳達給目的語受眾,雙語知識成為成功完成口譯任務的必要條件之一。本文選用曆年記者招待會口譯案例中含有四字詞、古詩和流行語,以及運用比喻修辭的特色例子,結合釋意理論講解雙語知識的必要性。

1. 釋意理論

“釋意派翻譯理論建立的翻譯程序是: 理解原文、脫離原語語言外殼(déverbalisation) 、用另一語言表達理解了的內容和情感”(勒代雷,2001:1)[2]。“脫離原語語言外殼( déverbalisation)”是核心概念,即脫離源語言的語言外殼,將其表達的意思和情感,用目的語重新表述,傳達給目的語受眾。要完成“脫離源語語言外殼”,需要口譯員具備出色的雙語知識,才能不受源語言外在表達方式的幹擾,理解源語發言人表達的意思和情感,並完整、準確地翻譯成目的語,傳達給目的語受眾,促成雙方的溝通和交流,成功完成口譯任務。以下通過實例結合釋意理論,詳細講解。

2. 釋意理論分析實例證明雙語知識的必備性

作為口譯員,出色的雙語知識是必備的。根據劉和平教授的書中所述(劉和平,2005: 80-81)[3],雙語知識包括突出的聽力、標準的發音、出眾的表達,以及可以用於快速、準確翻譯的知識和能力,等等。上述內容,本文不做詳述。下文選用含有四字詞、古詩和流行語,以及運用比喻修辭的特例,結合釋意理論,詳述雙語知識的必要性。例子來源於曆年“兩會”①期間朱鎔基記者招待會(1998年)、溫家寶總理記者招待會(2009年和2010年)和李克強總理記者招待會(2013年和2015年)現場口譯的文字記錄文本。

例如:(1)[Premier Zhu:] 但是,不管前麵是地雷陣還是萬丈深淵,我將勇往直前,義無反顧,鞠躬盡瘁,死而後已。

[Interpreter:] But no matter what is waiting for me in front of me, being landmines or an abyss, I will blaze my trail and I have no hesitation and no misgivings and I will do all my best and contribute, devote all myself to the people and the country until the last day of my life. (1998)

(2)[Premier Li:] 兩岸是一家人,是骨肉同胞。堅持“一個中國”、“九二共識”、反對“台獨”,維護兩岸關係和平發展,就會給兩岸經濟合作創造基礎,擴大空間。

[Interpreter:] Peoples on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are members of one big family as long as we continue to adhere to the One-China Principle and 1992 Consensus, oppose “Taiwan Independence”, and uphold peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. We will be able to lay more solid foundation for cross-Straits business cooperation and expand the room for such business times. (2015)

(3)[Premier Li:] 至於你談到人口政策,去年我們已經開始實施單獨二孩政策,現在正在推進,也正在進行全麵的評估。

[Interpreter:] About China’s population policy, as you said ,last year, married couples can now have a second child if one of the parents is the single child. Currently we are conducting a comprehensive review of how this policy has been implemented.(2015)

(4)[Premier Wen:] 我們認為我國經濟麵臨巨大的挑戰,也麵臨著發展機遇。如果真正把握得好,措施得當,而且實施及時、果斷、有力,我真希望中國經濟能早一天複蘇。那時,中國的經濟經曆一場困難的考驗,將會顯示出更強大的生命力。有些事情正像你所說的,山重水複疑無路,柳暗花明又一村。要行動,而不能坐等。

[Interpreter:] We believe that it is true our economy is confronted with great challenge and at the same time, there is the development opportunity. If we can manage the situation well, take the right steps and implement the measures promptly and resolutely, I really hope that we would be able to walk out of the shadow of the financial crisis at the early date. After standing the difficult trial, I believe the Chinese economy will display even stronger vitality. Just as you said, I think I can also give you another line to the effect that after encountering all kinds of difficulties and experiencing all kinds of hardships, at the end of the day we will see light at the end of tunnel. We must take action rather than sit idly by.(2009)