藥材炮製加工工藝也有了較大發展。道地產區的藥材商們為了突出當地藥材的特點以區別於其他產地的同種藥材,往往會在炮製上下點功夫。例如江西樟樹的“樟幫”就以“白芍飛上天,檳榔不見邊”而聞名天下。所謂的“白芍飛上天”就是白芍的切片薄的像紙片一樣漫天飛舞;“檳榔不見邊”形容他們切出來的檳榔之薄,因為1個檳榔可以切108刀[9]。
栽培加工曆史愈悠久,技術愈成熟,藥材道地性就愈突出。
綜上所述,道地藥材是中國傳統醫學特有的現象,強調了藥材的產地及臨床療效,是古人評價中藥材質量的1項獨特標準。其本身除具有醫學意義外,還融入了地域環境、人文思想、社會經濟的複雜因素。
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Study on generation cause of genuine medical herbs
LIANG Fei2, LI Jian1, ZHANG Wei1, ZHANG Ruixian1*
(1. Institute of Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing , China;
2. Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing , China)
[Abstract] Chinese herbal medicine are the main means to prevent and treat diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, thus the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs decides the clinical efficacy. Though the producing areas of genuine medical herbs had been recorded in the Qing and Han Dynasties, genuine medical herbs had not been finally established and thrived until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Their development in more than 1 000 years was affected by many factors. The practice examination and theoretical direction of TCM were the theoretical basis for the generation of genuine medical herbs, while the differences in the ecological environment and herbal germplasm indicated their essential causes. The social development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was also an intangible impetus driving force that could not be neglected.
[Key words] genuine medical herb; generation cause
doi:10.4268/cjcmm
[責任編輯 曹陽陽]