In the Three Kingdoms Period, there appeared Zhou Shu, Zhou Qun and Zhou Ju, astronomers of three generations from the same family. Of the three, Zhou Qun made the greatest achievements in astronomy. He was nearly as famous as Luoxia Hong. The street where his home was situated is called Guanxing Street till today. Guanxing means stars can be watched.
In the Tang Dynasty, the fengshui masters Yuan Tiangang and Li Chunfeng came to Langzhong. Besides fengshui, they also studied astronomy. Li Chunfeng was the first person in the world to grade wind.
Constellation Museum, Guanxing Street, Guanxing Pagoda on Jinping Mountain and the Theme Park of Spring Festival Culture are the places to enjoy astronomy culture.7.宗教文化
閬中是一個多種宗教和諧共處的地方。
現存的宗教建築證明了這種多樣性：雲台觀為道教建築；永安寺、大佛寺、淨聖庵為佛教建築；清真寺與巴巴寺為伊斯蘭教建築；福音堂為基督教建築；天主堂為天主教建築。
閬中宗教文化的特點，可以歸納為：五教共存，兩大聖地。
位於閬蒼交界處的雲台觀，是道教的聖地之一。
道教是中國的本土宗教，發源於東漢時期。由張道陵（又名張陵）所創。張道陵為今江蘇豐縣人（另有一說法僅供參考，張道陵就是四川人。他是西漢張良之第八世孫。張良的第八世孫有二，一去了江蘇，一到了四川）。張道陵來四川傳教，自稱天師。他先到大邑鶴鳴山傳教，再到青城山，最後來到閬中傳教18年（從公元126年到公元144年）。
在閬期間，他穿梭於雲台山與文成山之間。在傳教的同時，他還采集草藥製作藥丸，為人治病。他也觀察天象，研究天文。
在他到閬之前，他就聽說閬中多仙山。於是這才來到閬中建立道教基地。他遊覽了許多名山，最後才選定了雲台山。此山很高，立於山頂，但見眾山如雲簇擁環抱。尤其是霧天，雲霧繚繞，此山真如天上之仙山。
正是這一原因，張道陵在雲台山頂建一道觀，作為全國的道教傳播指揮中心。
漢順帝永建二年（公元127年），張道陵據其教徒的分布情況在全國劃分為二十四教區，即所謂二十四治。其中又有上八治、中八治和下八治之分。閬中為下八治之首，即名為雲台治的第十七治。
此外，他還在與雲台山相對的文成山上建起了廣福觀。廣福觀也是一座很大的道觀，毀於20世紀50年代。
作為道教祖師和領袖，張道陵執著修道，終於成仙：有一日他騎白鶴升天而去。
對於今天的雲台觀來說，它位於閬中市與蒼溪縣交界處。兩邊各有一雲台村，共同守護著中國的道教聖地——雲台觀。
雲台觀原本屬閬中。1953年調整縣界，把它劃歸蒼溪。目前，它的行政管轄權屬於蒼溪縣。
不過，位於四川三台城南40公裏處，也有一座雲台山，亦為四川的道教名山。其山上的雲台觀始建於南宋嘉定三年，即1210年。也就是說，三台雲台觀的建造比閬中雲台觀晚1 083年。因此，道教史中所說的雲台治應為閬中的雲台山教區。
張道陵之孫張魯曾在漢中建立政教合一的政權近30年，後降曹操，被曹操封為閬中侯。
張道陵、張衡、張魯祖孫三代與閬中有緣。
道教與閬中有緣。
如果說大邑鶴鳴山是道教的發源地，是道教的祖庭所在，那麼位於閬蒼之間的雲台山，則是道教的又一聖地。
位於蟠龍山麓的閬中巴巴寺,因寺內葬有伊斯蘭教的創始人穆罕黙德的第二十九代孫華哲·阿卜董拉希，故名“巴巴寺”（在阿拉伯語裏，“巴巴”就是祖先的意思）。
華哲·阿卜董拉希，又稱“西來上人”，是伊斯蘭教嘎德林耶教派第一位來中國傳教的祖師。他於1674年來中國。早年在甘肅、陝西一帶傳教。在此期間，他結識了漢中鎮軍事副將馬子雲。在交往過程中，馬子雲成了他的虔誠信徒和忠實朋友。康熙二十四年，馬子雲晉升為川北鎮總兵駐閬中。於是，他邀請阿卜董拉希一同來閬中傳教。馬子雲待他為師長。這位“西來上人”神形古健，狀貌若仙。他來閬中時就已經百多歲了。他言語詼諧，博學多才，善騎射與詩歌。在與馬子雲遊蟠龍山時，他發現蟠龍山南麓是塊風水寶地，是龍脈之所在。於是，卜陰宅於水池中。康熙二十八年即1689三月二十五日，阿卜董拉希歸真了。他的親傳弟子祁靜一在陝西聽到這個噩耗之後，星夜兼程，趕赴閬中，與馬總兵一道在“西來上人”生前所卜陰宅的地方，排水填土，建起了墓亭。並命名為“久照亭”,取清風常吹，日月常照之意。
根據伊斯蘭教教義，每個穆斯林兄弟，在他一生中，至少要到沙特阿拉伯的麥加城去朝拜一次。但對於我國的伊斯蘭教信眾而言，去國外朝拜總不如在國內方便。因此，國內的很多信眾都選擇來四川閬中巴巴寺朝拜。所以有“國外朝麥加，國內朝巴巴”之說。尤其是在每年的三月，寧夏、甘肅等西北地區的許多伊斯蘭教信眾都要到閬中巴巴寺來祭祖，其朝拜活動甚為隆重。7.Religion Culture
Langzhong is such a place that various religions coexist harmoniously.
The present religious constructions have proved this diversity:
The Yuntai Shrine is for Taoism; Yongan Temple, Big Buddha Temple, Jingsheng Nunnery and etc. for Buddhism; The Mosque and Baba Temple for Islam; The Gospel Hall for Christianity; The Catholic Church for Catholicism.
The characteristic of Langzhong religion culture can be summarized like this: Five religions coexist and there are two sacred places.
The Yuntai Shrine on the border of Cangxi County and Langzhong City is one of the sacred places of Taoism.
Taoism is a unique homegrown religion. It came into being in the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD-220 AD). It was created by Zhang Daoling( formerly named Zhang Ling), a native from todays Feng County of Jiangsu Province.(But there is another saying that he was right a Sichuaner. Believe it or not, this saying is just for your reference.) He came to Sichuan to disseminate his Tao ideology. He called himself the Master of Taoists. First he preached on Mt. Heming in Dayi County, then he came to Mt. Qingcheng near Chengdu, and finally he reached Langzhong to continue his undertaking for 18 years ( from 126 AD to 144 AD).
During his life in Langzhong, Zhang often shuttled between Yuntai Mountain and Wencheng Mountain. While preaching Tao, he collected medicinal herbs and made tablets to cure sick people.
Before he came to Langzhong, he had heard that Langzhong boasted many fairy mountains. So he came to Langzhong to establish his Taoist base. He visited scores of famous mountains, but he was satisfied with none of them until he came to Mt. Yuntai ( meaning a platform embraced by clouds). This mountain is very high. Standing on the top of it, youll see all the other numerous mountains like clouds just a little lower around this mountain on all sides. Especially on foggy days, with fog and mist curling up, this mountain is really like a fairyland in heaven.
For this reason, Zhang built a shrine on the top of it and made the shrine headquarters for all the Taoists across the country.
In the meantime, he built another shrine—Guangfu (Immense Fortune) Shrine on another high mountain—Wencheng Mountain. These two mountains are facing each other. Guangfu Shrine was also a magnificent one, and it stood there until the 1950s.
As the master and leader of the Taoists, Zhang cultivated himself sincerely with Taoistic doctrine. He did so well that one day he succeeded in becoming an Immortal—He flew to heaven by riding a white crane in the daytime.
As for todays Yuntai Shrine, it is on the border of Cangxi County and Langzhong City. There are two Yuntai Villages, one in Cangxi and the other in Langzhong. They safeguard together the same shrine—Chinas sacred land of Taoism.
It is 18 kilometres to Cangxi county seat and 20 kilometres to Langzhong city proper.
However, it is under the jurisdiction of Cangxi County.
Langzhong Baba Temple is one of the sacred places in China for Islam.
Baba Temple got its name in honour of Khoja Abd Alla who was buried there. Khoja Abd Alla was addressed as “Baba” by Chinese Muslims because he was the 29th descendant of the Islam founder Muhammad. “Baba” means “forefather” in Arabic language.
Khoja Abd Alla was also called“ the newcomer from the west”. He was the first person with the Gedalinye denomination of Islam to preach in China. He came to China in 1674. First he preached in Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces. During this period, he got to know Ma Ziyun, the vice military commander of Hanzhong Town. Later, Ma Ziyun became his pious adherent and faithful friend. In the 24th year of Emperor Kangxis reign or in 1685, Ma Ziyun was promoted to the commanderinchief of Northern Sichuan Area and was sent to garrison Langzhong. Therefore he invited Khoja Abd Alla to come to Langzhong to preach. Ma Ziyun treated him as Master. This “Newcomer from the west” bore a strange appearance with a sense of Immortal. He had already been over one hundred years old when he came to Lanzhong. He was humorous, knowledgeable and versatile. He was good at shooting, horse riding and composing poems. When he had a walk with Ma Ziyun on Mt. Panlong, he discovered that a particular spot at its south foot was a good fengshui place. So, he selected his future tomb site in a pond there. On lunar March 25th, 1689, Khoja Abd Alla passed away. His close disciple Qi Jinyi heard the bad news in Shaanxi Province. He immediately set off for Langzhong day and night. On arrival at Langzhong, he and Ma Ziyun drew water out of the pond, put earth in it and built a tomb pavilion, which they named “Jiuzhao Pavilion”, meaning refreshing breeze often blows there as well as the sun and the moon always shine on there.
According to Islam doctrine, each Muslim should pay a homage visit to Mecca in Saudi Arabia for at least one time in his life. However, it is inconvenient for the Muslims in our country to go abroad for pilgrimage. For this reason, most of the Muslims in China choose Langzhongs Baba Temple as their pilgrimage destination. Hence there comes a saying “Muslims abroad go to Mecca whereas those at home visit Temple Baba”. Particularly in March every year, many Muslims in NorthWest China such as in Ningxia and Gansu Provinces come to Langzhong Baba Temple to express their respect to the Islam forefather. The pilgrimage activity is very spectacular.8.紅色文化
中國工農紅軍第四方麵軍，在徐向前、許世友、李先念的帶領下，於1933年6月從巴中向閬中進發，沿途經曆若幹次戰鬥，最後到達閬中。紅四方麵軍總政治部設於秦家大院；徐向前元帥的寓所亦在秦家大院；許世友舊居在水觀鎮胡家院；李先念舊居在老觀鎮醫院；廖承誌舊居在原郎家拐街22號。
紅軍在閬中從事了近兩年的革命鬥爭，1935年4月強渡嘉陵江開始長征。
閬中有多處紅軍革命遺址。位於水觀鎮的中共閬南縣委舊址，是其中之一，屬省級文物保護單位。
在華光樓拱門上，至今仍能見到紅軍當年刻寫的兩幅標語：“蘇維埃政府是工農士兵自己的政府；隻有打倒國民黨才好打帝國主義。”
在黃花山上，建有紅軍紀念館。8.Red Culture
Under the leadership of Xu Xiangqian, Xu Shiyou and Li Xiannian, the Fourth Branch of the Red Army took an expedition from Bazhong County to Langzhong County in June, 1933. After many battles against Kuomintang troops, they finally reached Langzhong. Their headquarters was set up in todays Family Qins Big Courtyard and so was Marshal Xu Xiangqians temporary residence. Xu Shiyous residence was in Family Hus Courtyard in Shuiguan Town. Li Xiannians residence was in Laoguan Town Hospital. Liao Chengzhis residence was in the former No. 22 of Langjiaguai Street.
The Red Army undertook revolutionary struggle in Langzhong for nearly two years. In April 1935, they crossed the Jialing River by force to start the long march.
There are many revolutionary sites left by the Red Army. The former site of CPC LangzhongNanbu County Committee Office in Shuiguan Town is one of them, which is under provincial protection.
On the archway of Huaguang Pagoda, there still remain two slogans inscribed by the Red Army:“The Soviet government of China is the Red Army soldiers own government. Only after defeating Kuomintang can we defeat the imperialism.”
On Huanghua Mountain, there stands a memorial hall to remember the Red Army.9.絲綢文化
閬中的絲綢文化可謂源遠流長。早在巴國時，就已盛產桑蠶。三國時，張飛就帶領軍民開墾荒地，栽桑養蠶，發展經濟。
閬中曾有規模很大的絲廠、綢廠、絲毯廠，其產品銷往世界各地。絲綢工業曾一度成為閬中的支柱產業，如今仍有一定的生產規模。
在古城，有多家蠶絲作坊，生產並銷售絲棉被、絲綢服裝、刺繡畫等。
閬中蠶種場是目前全國最大的蠶種生產基地，有年產40萬張蠶紙（共約100多億個蠶卵）的製種能力。9.Silk Culture
Langzhong boasts a timehonoured silk culture. As early as the Ba State, it was already rich in mulberries and silkworms. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Zhang Fei led people to reclaim the wasteland, plant mulberry trees, breed silkworms, produce silk and develop the economy.
In the past, there were large silk and carpet factories in Langzhong. The products were sold home and abroad. The silk industry became Langzhongs pillar industry for a time. And it is still thriving today.
In the Ancient City, there are a number of silk floss workshops. They produce and sell silk floss quilts, silk clothes, embroidery paintings and so on.
Langzhong Silkworm Egg Plant is the largest production base to produce silkworm eggs at present in China. It has a capacity of producing about 10 billion silkworm eggs per year.10.醋文化
早在漢代及三國時，閬中釀醋業就已具相當規模。
閬中有中國四大名醋之一的保寧醋。著名的保寧醋已有四百多年的曆史。1915年，在巴拿馬萬國博覽會上，保寧醋獲得了金獎。1994年，在蒙古烏蘭巴托國際博覽會上，保寧醋再次獲得金獎。除了美味可口、營養豐富外，保寧醋尤具有防癌抗癌的作用，因而名聲遠揚，暢銷海內外。
閬中保寧醋廠生產有調味型、保健型、飲料型三大係列的近百個品種供應市場，有年產五萬噸醋的生產能力。
閬中保寧醋博物館是了解閬中醋文化的參觀點。
閬中，有“中國醋城”之稱。10.Vinegar Culture
As early as the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms Period, the vinegar brewing industry in Langzhong had been prosperous.
Langzhong boasts Baoning Vinegar, one of the four famous vinegar varieties (the others are Shanxi Laochen Vinegar, Fujian Rice Vinegar and Zhenjiang Fragrant Vinegar) in China. The wellknown Baoning Vinegar has a history of over 400 years. In 1915, it won a gold medal in Panama International Expo which was held in San Francisco, USA. In 1994, it won a gold medal again in Ulan Bator International Expo, Mongolia. Besides its tasty flavour and rich nutrition, Baoning Vinegar boasts the function of anticancer, so it sells well both at home and abroad.
Langzhong Baoning Vinegar Factory produces various vinegar products, including three categories—flavour, health care and drinks. The factory has a capacity of producing 50,000 tons of vinegar a year.
Langzhong Baoning Vinegar Museum is a place to learn vinegar culture.
Langzhong is nicknamed as“Chinas Vinegar City”.