正文 第67章 非語法性及詩歌句法變異(3)(2 / 3)

39.where the noise

Of riot e ascends above their lofriest Tow’rs,And injury and outrage

(Paradise Lost,I.499-501)這個例子的句法非常重要,稍不小心就會將injury and outrage 與noise 並列;當然,在這裏語義限製對句法處理起了關鍵的作用。

除上述情況以外,還有一個問題值得討論。我們在前麵曾經說過,移出並列結構中的任何一個成分都會導致變異句的產生,然而下麵的例子將並列結構的第一個成份移出了語言島,可似乎還沒有上述例子那麼極端:

d.John Kissed Sue and Mary→?Sue John kissed e and Mary.

這個序列可以看作是因為進行了“並列結構刪略”轉換,然後再將第一個直接賓語前置而形成的:

John kissed Sue and John kissed Mary.

至於別的並列結構,其情況大致與上例相似。下麵是另一個例句:

e.John was disgusted and weary of life.→?Disgusted John was e and weary of life.在這兒,又是並列結構的第一個成分進行了前置轉換,在這日常語言中當然非常罕見,可在詩歌裏卻屢見不鮮了。

40.Pleasing was his shape,e And lovely(Milton,Paradise Lost,IX.503-4)

41.Sober be seemed,e and very sagely sad

(Spenser,Faerie Queene,I.i.29)有時,某些詩人很喜歡將在詩行裏並列作定語的形容詞短語和分詞直接使用,據說,密爾頓便是其中最突出的一個:

42.With wand’ring e steps and slow (Paradise Lost,XII.648)

43.the "upright e heart and Pure(Paradise Lost,I.18)

不過,現代詩人也有類似情況:

44.Days of sweet leisure,taxed with patient e thoughtAbstruse,nor manting punctual e service high(Wordsworth,Prelude,I.43-44)

45.but thy strong e Hours indignant(Tenny,‘Tithonus,’18)

在對密爾頓的變異句法進行形式分析時,我們還會碰到另一種句法誤置的情況。這種誤置也涉及到了並列結構作為語言島越位的問題,然而這也正是詩人獨具風格的地方:

46and deify his Power

Who e from the tenor of this Arm so late

Douted his EmPire

(Paradise Lost,I.112-14)

47.as being the contrary to his high will

Whom we resist e.

(Paradise Lost,I.161-2)

(2)時態句條件(Tensed S Condition)