十笏園為中國北方園林建築，始建於明代，又名丁家花園，位於山東濰坊市胡家牌坊街，因占地小，喻若十個板笏之大，故名。1988年被公布為全國重點文物保護單位。十笏園原是明嘉靖年間刑部郎中胡邦佐的故宅，清代陳兆鸞（清順治年間任彰德知府）、郭熊飛（清道光年間任直隸布政吏）曾先後在此住過。該園後於清光緒十一年（公元1885年）被濰縣首富丁善寶以重金購作私邸，修葺了北部三間舊樓，題名硯香樓，開挖水池，堆疊假山，始成私人花園。
十笏園是整個丁宅建築群落的一部分，該建築群落除“文革”中被毀的後花園外，現存的建築麵積10400平方米，古建築房屋200餘間，其中僅十笏園中的大小建築就多達34處。十笏園麵積雖小，但由於設計精巧，在有限的空間裏，能呈現自然山水之美，含蓄曲折，引人入勝。園中樓台亭榭、假山池塘、客房書齋、曲橋回廊等建築無不玲瓏精美，緊湊而不擁擠。十笏園以布局新巧、匠心獨運譽冠北國小園之首。
十笏園平麵呈長方形，占地3400平方米，由中、西、東三條古建築軸線組成。步入園中即是該園的主體部分——處於中軸線的建築群，正廳為“十笏草堂”，明間為雕花門，上懸清代著名金石學家陳介祺手書“無數青山拜草廬”匾額。堂前山石花木相間，正中有一池，池中有亭，亭簷下有清末狀元曹鴻勳題“四照亭”匾。亭北隔水有一迎壁，東北角可看見一船形建築，名為“穩如舟”。“穩如舟”東南，臨水有假山一座，山徑崎嶇，怪石嶙峋，山上雜植藤蘿、薔薇。山上有小亭名為“蔚秀亭”，亭柱有一聯“小亭山絕頂，獨得夕陽多”，亭內有楊州八怪之一金農繪白描羅漢石刻。西軸線南端一院被稱為“園中園”，西廂房分別為“靜如山房”、“秋聲館”。院北麵過廳為“深柳讀書堂”，過廳北院廳房為“頌芬書屋”，廳內畫棟雕梁經百年而色猶豔。後院正廳為“雪庵”，康有為來此園時改題為“小書巢”；院內展有鐵佛，是國內唐代鐵佛中最大的。東軸線有“碧雲齋”等四院。在十笏園中，比較出名的建築物有四照亭、小滄浪亭、春雨樓和硯香樓等。四照亭取四麵陽光普照之義，方形，為六檁卷棚式歇山頂，四周有坐凳欄杆。該亭水環四麵，荷風水月，頗具詩意。亭柱上對聯為“清風明月本無價，近水遠山皆有情”；亭前懸對聯“望雲慚高鳥，臨水愧遊魚”。小滄浪亭是一座四角攢尖頂、覆以茅草之亭，其四柱為原始鬆木，愈見其淡雅古樸，富有野趣。滄浪，取意於《孟子.離婁》“滄浪之水清兮，可以濯吾纓；滄浪之水濁兮，可以濯吾足。”亭下池邊有大石一塊，正可濯纓濯足。宋代詩人蘇舜欽曾築滄浪亭於蘇州，為著名園林。小滄浪正是園主借蘇州滄浪亭而命名。亭內有石桌、石凳，可在此飲茶、乘涼，又可以濯洗。春雨樓借宋代詩人陸遊詩《臨安春雨初霽》中的名句“小樓一夜聽春雨，深巷明朝賣杏花”，故名。它雖建於清代，但又取宋代建築特點。雨天登樓，窗外一望別有雅趣。硯香樓為十笏園主體建築，係明代所建，是原園主人藏書和讀書之所，其名借唐詩人李賀《楊生青花紫石硯歌》中“紗帷晝暖墨花春，輕漚漂沫鬆麝重”之意。就是說，白晝書房溫暖如春，研墨起花紋，墨汁發出陣陣鬆麝香味。站在樓上向前望去，十笏園全貌盡收眼底。
Part Forty-One:Shihu Garden
As a garden in the north of China, Shihu Garden, also called The Ding’s Garden, was firstly started in the Ming Dynasty. It is located in Hujia Paifang Street, Weifang, Shandong Province. Its name is actually a metaphor saying that it is very small—covering an area just as big as ten banhus1. In 1998 it was listed as a key historical and cultural site under state protection.
The Garden used to be the residence of Hu Bangzuo, director of the Bureau of Justice and Prosecution during the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. Later it became the residence of Chen Zhaoluan and then of Guo Xiongfei, both of whom were important provincial officials during the early Qing Dynasty. In 1885, Ding Shanbao, the richest man in Wei County, bought the Garden as his private residence at a very high price. He then repaired the three old mansions in the north, which he named Yanxiang Mansion. He had his residence landscaped by having pools and rockeries built.
Shihu Garden is only part of the whole complex of the Dings’ Residence. Except the rear garden that failed to survive the Cultural Revolution, the preserved area of the Dings’ Residence has a floor space of 10400 square meters. There remain over 200 rooms, among which 34 are in the Shihu Garden area. Though small in size, Shihu Garden embodies the implicitness and winding beauty of natural scenery, thus fascinating and absorbing. Delicate and exquisite towers, terraces, pavilions, rockeries, pools, guestrooms, studies and winding bridges and corridors are compactly placed in the garden with no sign of crowdedness. It is regarded the best of small northern Chinese gardens because of its novel layout and exquisite workmanship.