正文 第四十章 曲園——文學家的宅園(1 / 3)

曲園占地共2800平方米,坐落於蘇州市馬醫科巷43號,1963年被列為蘇州市文物保護單位,1995年被列為江蘇省文物保護單位。該園始建於清同治十三年,是清末著名文學家俞樾的故居。俞樾在友人資助下買下這塊地,他親自設計,利用彎曲的地形鑿池疊石,栽花種竹,建屋30餘楹。取《老子》“曲則全”句意,俞樾將其命名為曲園,並自號為曲園老人。曲園正宅居中,自南而北分五進,其東又建配房若幹,其西、北為亭園部分,形成一曲尺形,對正宅形成半包圍格局。曲園內有一座“春在堂”很有意義。據說俞樾30多歲時在北京保和殿參加翰林考試,試卷中有詩題“澹煙疏雨落花天”。俞樾依題作詩,開頭有“花落春仍在”之句,深得主考官的讚賞,並因此名列前茅。俞樾自己也很得意,所以在曲園中還以此題作堂名,他的詩集也叫《春在堂集》。春在堂西北乃是一個花園,西邊一條長廊,廊中有一曲水亭,廊下便是一泓清水,名曲水池。東麵一座假山傍池崛起,山上花木隱翳,山石崚嶒,山上築有回峰閣和在春軒,據說俞樾常在此間小坐玩月。下山則有達齋與認春軒南北相對而立。認春軒是因白居易“認得春風先到處”的詩句而得名的。軒北雜植花木,疊湖石小山為屏,東北隅為麵闊兩間的“艮宦”,乃昔日琴室。此外還有樂知堂、小竹裏館等。樂知堂麵闊三間,堂前綴湖石,植梧桐,為俞樾當年以文會友和講學之處。小竹裏館為當年俞樾讀書之處,屋內四角懸掛宮燈,中間是俞樾的油畫像,在左右牆上掛著多幅描繪俞樾生平故事的國畫。壁上還嵌著俞樾《曲園記》的磚刻。十笏園內的景觀處處散發出文化的氣息,布置得自然天成,玲瓏剔透,令人賞心悅目。1954年,俞樾曾孫著名學者俞平伯先生將曾祖故居捐獻歸公。十年動亂中,廳堂損壞嚴重,園中假山、亭閣、曲廊、水池及花木被毀殆盡。1980年俞平伯、顧頡剛、葉聖陶等知名人士聯名呼籲修複。1982年由市園林局實施維修,相繼修複門廳、轎廳和園中亭、廊、齋、閣等建築及曲池,恢複假山,補栽花木。目前俞樾故居的廳堂及小園已全麵開放,供人參觀。

Part Forty:The Winding Garden

Located at 43 Mayike Alley, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, the Winding Garden covers an area of 2,800 square meters. It was listed as a cultural relic site under municipal protection by Suzhou City in 1963 and as a cultural relic site under provincial protection by the Jiangsu Province in 1995.

The garden started in 1694 as the residence of Yu Yue, a renowned writer during the late period of the Qing Dynasty. With the financial help of a friend, Yu bought the land. He designed the garden by himself, taking advantage of the natural winding terrain to dig up ponds and pile up rockeries. He had flowers and bamboo planted and over 30 rooms built here. Taking the meaning of the Taoist saying that “Being winding suggests fullness”, he named his garden “Winding Garden” and labeled himself “Old Man of the Winding Garden”.