新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀 4-第二章

C.UniversityofChicago.

D.OaklandUniversity.

473新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4Passage3MoreStudentstoStudyAbroadIsVitaltoCanada’sSuccessRolandParisMargaretBiggslACanada''''sbiggestcustomer,theUnitedStates,isveering(轉向)towardsprotectionism.Risingpowersaretransformingtheglobaleconomy.Intoleranceisontherise,includinginCanada.Technologyisrevolutionizingthenatureofwork.

BWemustprepareyoungCanadianstomeetthesechallenges.WewillneedthemtobuildCanada''''sglobalconnections,expandanddiversifyourtraderelationships,upholdthevaluesofopennessandtolerance,andsucceedasemployeesandentrepreneursintheeconomyoftomorrow.

CInternationaleducationispartoftheanswer.Learningabroad—inclassroomsorinworktraineeships—fostersthe21stcenturyskillsthatCanadiancompaniessaytheywantinemployees:adaptability,resilience,teamwork,interculturalawarenessandcommunication48Unit3?InternationalStudentsskills.Studentswholearnabroadaremorelikelytocompletetheirdegreesandgraduatewithhighergrades.Thosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundshavethemosttogain.

DThesearetheconclusionsofanindependentgroupofeducationalleaders,businessexecutivesandpolicyexperts—theStudyGrouponGlobalEducation—thatweco-led.Ourreport,releasedonNov.8,callsfordramaticallyincreasingtheparticipationofCanadianuniversityandcollegestudentsininternationallearning.

EToday,relativelyfewstudentsinCanadianpostsecondaryinstitutionsgaininternationalexperience.InFrance,approximately33percentofundergraduatesgoabroadforpartoftheirdegree.InGermany,thefigureis29percent.InAustraliaandtheUnitedStates,itis19and16percent,respectively.Bycontrast,only11percentofCanadianundergradsdoso.

FAnothermeasure—thepercentageofCanadianswhoenrollinforeignuniversitiesfortheirentiredegree—placesCanadainthemiddleofthepack,butitisunclearhowmanyofthemreturnhome.InternationallearningshouldbeacoreelementofpostsecondaryeducationinCanadianinstitutions.

GMostofCanada''''speercountrieshavelaunchedambitiousstrategiestoboostparticipationinglobaleducation.TheUnitedStates,forexample,setoutin2009toincreasethenumberofAmericanstudentsstudyinginChinato100,000withinfiveyears.Havingexceededthattarget,thereisnowacampaigntodoublethetotalnumberofAmericanstudentsstudyingabroadby2020.Germanyaimstoincreasethepercentageofitsstudentsparticipatingininternationallearningfrom29to50percentby2020.Australia''''sNewColomboPlanwillsupport10,000studentsperyearonacademicstudy,internshipsandwork-placementsinotherAsia-Pacificcountries.

HCanadahasnosuchstrategy,anditshows.AlthoughCanadianuniversitiesandcollegeshavestudy-abroadprograms,theseeffortshavenotimprovedCanada''''soverallperformance.Moreover,thevastmajorityofthosewhogoabroadstudyintheUnitedStates,WesternEuropeandAustralia—andintheirnativelanguage.Wearenotequippingthemforamoremultipolarworld.

493新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4ISowhatistobedone?First,weneedtoseeglobaleducationasaninstrumentforachievingnationalpriorities,includingadynamicworkforce,aninclusiveandopensociety,andacountrywithglobalconnectionsandinfluence.Internationallearningbenefitsnotjustourstudentsbutalsooursociety.

JSecond,weshouldsetagoalofincreasingthepercentageofCanadianstudentswhoparticipateintheseprogramsfrom11to25percentwithin10years.Tohelpdrivethischange,thestudygroupcallsforanewnationalinitiative—GoGlobalCanada—tosupport15,000universityandcollegestudentsannuallywithin5years,risingto30,000within10years.

KCreatingincentivesforstudentstostudyandworkinemergingcountries,includinglanguageandculturaltraining,isalsovital.Withinadecade,one-halfofGoGlobalCanadaparticipantsshouldbegoingtoemergingcountries.

LWemustalsoprovidetargetedsupporttostudentswhofacebarrierstoparticipatingininternationallearningprograms—includingthosefromlessaffluenthouseholds,thefirstmembersoffamiliestoenrollinpostsecondaryeducation,andIndigenousstudents—sothatallyoungCanadianshavetheopportunitytobenefitfromglobaleducation.

MFinally,thestudygroupcallsforapan-Canadianpartnershiptomeettheseobjectives.Federalandprovincialgovernments,universityandcollegeadministrators,professorsandstudents,andtheprivatesectorallhaverolestoplay.However,Ottawa’sleadership—asconvener,catalyst,andleadinvestor—isindispensable.

NInanincreasinglycomplexandcompetitiveworld,weneedtoinvestinouryoungpeople.Theirfuture,andCanada''''sfuture,dependonit.

Task1Eachofthefollowingstatementscontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsinthispassage.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbyfillingtheblankswiththecorrespondingletter.

50Unit3?InternationalStudents1.Canadahasnostrategytoboostparticipationininternationaleducation.2.Intoleranceisontheriseglobally.3.TheaimofGoGlobalCanadaistosupport15,000postsecondarystudentsannuallywithinfiveyears.4.Studentswhostudyabroadaremorelikelytoachievehighergradesthanstudentswhodonot.5.Only11%ofstudentsinCanadianpostsecondaryinstitutionsstudyabroadaspartoftheirdegrees.6.Studentsfromdisadvantagedbackgroundshavethemosttogainfromlearningabroad.7.In2009,theUSvowedtoincreasethenumberofAmericanstudentsstudyinginChinato100,000within5years.8.MostCanadianstudentswhochoosetostudyabroaddosoinEnglish-speakingcountries.9.Approximately33%ofundergraduatesinFrancestudyabroadforpartoftheirdegree.10.Learningabroadenablesyoungpeopletofosterinterculturalawareness.Task2Choosethemostsuitableheadingfortheparagraphsfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writetheappropriatenumber(i—v)ontheblanks.

ListofHeadingsi.GlobalPerformanceinInternationalEducationii.SupportforStudentsiii.SettingaGoaliv.BenefitsofInternationalEducationv.InternationalEducationStrategiesaroundtheWorld513新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀41.ParagraphC2.ParagraphE3.ParagraphG4.ParagraphJ5.ParagraphLTask3Pleasewriteashortessayentitled:“ShouldStudyingAbroadBeaPostsecondaryGraduationRequirement?”Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.Withincreasingnumbersofstudentschoosingtostudyabroad,aswellasgreateremploymentopportunitiesforthosewhohavestudiedabroad,therearesomewhoarguethatstudyingabroadshouldbeapostsecondarygraduationrequirement.2.Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?

52Unit4?FashionandBeauty4FashionandBeautyPassage1\/TheToxicTruthaboutCosmeticsPassage2\/HowDoesFashionInfluencetheLivesofStudents?

Passage3\/ToThoseThatHave,ShallBeGiven534新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4Passage1TheToxicTruthaboutCosmeticsAWouldyoubelievetheaveragepersonusesupto15differentcosmeticproductsaday?It''''sshocking,whenyouconsiderhoweasyitistosimplydrinkplentyofwater,getafullnight’srest,andofcourseembracethenaturalappearanceyouwerebornwith.Why,Imightoccasionallyapplyalittlerawcoconutoilorpressafreshorganicbeet(甜菜)againstmylips,butotherwiseI—BOkayFINE.RightnowI''''mwearingmoisturizer,skinprimer(皮膚打底霜),foundation,undereyeconcealer(遮瑕膏),eyeliner(眼線),bronzer(古銅色化妝品),eyebrowpowder,blush,settingpower,andlipstain—andthatwasjusttomakemyselflookhalfwayhumanforschooldrop-off.[At39,Ifindthatmymorningablutions(早上洗澡)arelessaboutglamour,andmoreaboutnotappearingquiteasseeminglyflu-ridden(感冒的)asIlookedwhenIfirstgotoutofbed.]CIusearidiculousamountofdifferentcosmeticsproductsonaregularbasis,fromskincare54Unit4?FashionandBeautyitemstomakeuptofragrance.ThisiswhyIthoughtitwouldbeinterestingtotackletheissueofwhetherornotallthesedifferentsalves(藥膏),powders,andsnakeoilsarebadformeortheenvironment.Andby”interesting”Imean”completelyterrifying.”HereareafewfactsIdiscoveredalmostimmediately:DAccordingtotheEnvironmentalWorkingGroup,89percentof10,500ingredientsusedinpersonalcareproductshavenotbeenevaluatedforsafetybytheFDA.Infact,theUSfederalgovernmentdoesn’trequireanyhealthstudiesorpre-markettestingonpersonalcareproducts.Asaresult,manycosmeticsarethoughttocontaincarcinogens(致癌物質),reproductivetoxins,andotherchemicalsthatmayposehealthrisks.Upto60%ofwhatweputonourskingetsabsorbedintothebloodstream.

EItgetsworse:thelistoftoxicadditivespresentinmanycosmeticsisjaw-droppingly(令人震驚的)huge.U.S.researchersreportthatoneineightofthe82,000ingredientsusedinpersonalcareproductsareindustrialchemicals.Harmfulingredientsinyourmakeupdrawerthatshouldbeavoidedatallcostsinclude(butarecertainlynotlimitedto):Butylacetate,Butylatedhydroxytoluene,Coaltar,CocamideDEA\/lauramideDEA,Diazolidinylurea,Ethylacetate,Formaldehyde,Parabens(methyl,ethyl,propylandbutyl),Petrolatum,Phthalates,Propyleneglycol,Siloxanes,Sodiumlaureth\/sodiumlaurylsulfate,Talc,Toluene,Triclosan,andTriethanolamine.

FHere’swhereIwanttojustburymyheadinthesandandwhine(抱怨)defensivelythatifI''''mapplyingpoisontomyskinonadailybasis,amIreallyhurtinganyoneotherthanmyself?Imean,it’snotlikeIgooutsideanddumpendocrinedisrupters(內分泌幹擾物),reproductivetoxicants(生殖毒素),andneurotoxins(神經毒素)directlyintotheEARTH,right?GWell,no...butalsoyes.EverytimeItakeashowerorbath,I’mwashingallthosetoxinsintothewatersystem.Nanoparticles(納米顆粒)usedinsunscreens(防曬霜)andcosmetics(foundinleadingbrandslikeClinique,Clarins,L’Oréal,Revlon,TheBodyShop,MaxFactor,andLanc?meParis)mayhaveincrediblyharmfuleffectsonbacteriaandacertain554新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4typeofbeneficialsoilmicrobe.MercuryfromsomecosmeticssoldillegallyintheUS(primarilyskinlighteningproducts)canentertheenvironmentinwastewater,andmaybetransformedthereintomethylmercury(甲基水銀),anevenmoretoxiccompound.It’salsobelievedthatchemicalsthatarecommonlyusedinsunscreencanactivateaviruswhichthreatenscoral(珊瑚).Sunscreen!THESTUFFWEALLUSEATTHEDAMNBEACH.

HOh,andasifthisallisn’tbadenough,there’sthesmallmatterofthecarbonfootprintcreatedbythecosmeticscompanies,anindustrythat’sprojectedtoreach$265billionby2017.We’retalkingenergyandwaterconsumption,emissionstotheenvironment,packagingwaste,andmore.

ISowhat’sabeautyproductjunkie(上癮者)todointhefaceofallthisdepressingnews?There’scertainlynoeasyanswer,becausesiftingthroughthemarketingjargontodetermineaproduct’seco-statusisharderthanyou’dthink.TheFDAdoesn’trevieworregulatethisstuff,sowordslike”natural”or”hypoallergenic(低敏感性)”areessentiallymeaningless.JThankfully,someorganizationshavemadetheprocessaspain-freeaspossible.TheEnvironmentalWorkingGrouphasaSkinDeeponlinedatabase,whereyoucaninstantlycheckthesafetyofover78,000personalcareproducts.TheCompactforSafeCosmeticshasausefulFAQtitled”WhatShouldIBuy?”Andthere’saniPhoneappcalled”ThinkDirty”thatallowsyoutoscanthebarcode(條形碼)ofacosmeticsorpersonalcareproduct(inthestore,beforeyoubuyit!),andratesitacrossthreedifferentcategories:Carcinogenicity(致癌性),Developmental&ReproductiveToxicity,andAllergies&Immunotoxicities(免疫毒性).

KI’llbehonest:itwasalwayseasierformetobelievethatonlyparanoid(多疑的)tree-huggingtypesreallycaredaboutchemicalsincosmetics.Isortofthoughtthatonceyoufocusedonthisstuff,itwasaslipperyslopetomorphing(轉變成)intoJulianneMooreinSafe,claimingviolentsensitivitiestoeverysyntheticsubstanceontheplanet.LIdon’tfeelthatwayanymore.I’mnotquitereadytothrowoutmyexistingmakeupstash(儲藏物),butIwillabsolutelybecheckinglabelsfromhereonout.Justlikeeveryotherenvironmentaleffort,eventhesmallestchangehasthepotentialtoadduptoabig56Unit4?FashionandBeautydifference.MDoyoucheckmakeuplabelsandavoidcertainchemicals?

1.Itisbelievedthatsomechemicalscommonlyusedinsunscreenareathreattocoral.2.Upto60%ofthecosmeticproductsthatweputonourskingetsabsorbedintothebloodstream.3.Evensmallchangesinourconsumptionofcosmeticsandpersonalcareproductscanaddupandleadtopositiveeffectsontheenvironment.4.The”ThinkDirty”iPhoneappratescosmeticsandpersonalcareproductsacrossthreedifferentcategories.5.Nanoparticlesfromvariouscosmeticsproductsmayhaveveryharmfuleffectsonbacteriaandaparticulartypeofbeneficialsoilmicrobe.6.89%of10,500ingredientsusedinpersonalcareproductshavenotbeenevaluatedforsafetybytheFDA.7.Nanoparticlescanbefoundincosmeticproductsfrommanyleadingcompanies,includingClinique,MaxFactor,andRevlon.8.Theproductionofcosmeticsproductsleadstoalotofwaterandenergyconsumption.9.Manycosmeticsarebelievedtocontaincarcinogens.10.TheEnvironmentalWorkingGroup’sSkinDeeponlinedatabaseallowsconsumerstocheckthesafetyofover78,000personalcareproducts.574新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4Task2DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationinPassage1?WriteTRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage.

FALSEifthestatementcontradictsthepassage.

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage.

1.Theauthordoesnotusemanycosmeticsproductsonaregularbasis.2.IntheUS,healthstudiesandpre-markettestingonpersonalcareproductsarerequiredbythefederalgovernment.

3.Oneineightofthe82,000ingredientsusedincosmeticsproductsareindustrialchemicals.

4.Theprimarycosmeticsourcesofmercuryareskinlighteningproducts.

5.Over50personalcareproductssoldbyTheBodyShophavebeenfoundtocontainnanoparticles.

Task3TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

在中國，美麗可以通過滑動(swipe)來實現。一款名為“美圖”的照片應用程序使用戶可以創建自己的理想化版本並與他人共享。App的製作者說：“我們的使命是使世界變得更加美麗。”美圖及其他相似的應用程序在中國非常受歡迎，在社交媒體上流傳的照片中有一半以上是使用應用程序過濾(filter)的。“美圖以輕鬆的方式使每個人看起來都更加美麗，”26歲的研究生杜莎說。她主要用它來消除粉刺(acne)，使皮膚光滑亮麗。“對於人們來說，這是一種很好的技術，可以提高他們的社交能力或增強他們的自信心。”58Unit4?FashionandBeautyPassage2HowDoesFashionInfluencetheLivesofStudents?

BenishRehmanAFashionisveryinfluentialinourlivesasitaddsdiversitypropagated(傳播)byanenthusiasmthatstrivesforsomethingnewanddifferent.Itwouldbeaverymonotonouslifeifeveryoneweremeanttodressupandactinthesamemanner.

BFashionisanexpressionofadistinctivestyle,particularlyinclothing,footwear,accessoriesormakeup.Fashionstylesaredistinguishablefromothersandencircle(包含)awiderangeofcategorizationlikebehaviour,speechactions,manners,andlifestyle.Thereismuchintellectualdiscussionoverfashionandclothingandtheirimportancewithinpresentdaysociety.Fashionisanexistingnormorstyleofdress,mannersandwayofsocializing,whereasclothingisdefinedasgarmentscollectively.Withoutfashion,therewouldbenoindividualityamongworldcultures.Also,therewouldbealossofthedistinctionsbetweensocialclasses,whichweredefinedinthe18thcenturybutis594新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4stillpresenttoday.Theeradication(消除)offashionandclothingwouldalsochangethedynamicsofthesocialworldandsocialrelationships.

CMod,shortformof”modern,”referstoayouthlifestylethatcameoutofLondonduringthe1960sandquicklyspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.Muchliketheyouthinthe1960s,youngstudentsareattractedtoandfollownewfashiontrends.Thesetrendsaffectourviewsandattitudetowardssocialculturebyintroducingnewlifestylesandcustomsthroughfashion.Acommonsocialstatementforstudentsistochangetheirappearance.InhisbookFashionasCommunication,MalcolmBarnardsays:“Fashionandclothinghavealwaysbeenexplainedasformsofcommunication.”Studentsusefashiontoexchangetheirfeelingsandbeliefs.Fashionisawayofcommunicationtoconveywiththeworldwhattheirpersonalityreallysays.

DThe1920sarereferredtoastheAgeofFlamingYouthbecauseofitswildandjazzyexpression.Inthisperiodofyouthfulenergynostyleseemedtooridiculoustobecomehighfashion.Becauseofglobalizationcelebritiesplayaveryimportantroleinthelivesofyouth.Studentslookuptotheirfavouriteiconstokeepthemselvesuptodate.ThroughtelevisionortheInternet,theycaneasilybeattractedbyavarietyoffashionableconcepts.Studentscanidealizetheirfavouritecelebritiesandwishtoimitatetheirappearanceandlifestyle.Theytrytograspalltheexistingfashionfromtheirsocietytoenhancetheirpersonality.Whenevertheysocialize,theytalkaboutnewthingsthatcouldbeadapted.Theyuseanon-naturalwayofexpression,speechandmannerismintheirroutinelives.

EInmypointofview,therearetwocategories:apositiveandnegativeimpactoffashiononstudents.Thefashioninoursocietyhasalotofnegativeimpactonstudents.Theyonlythinkaboutnewfashionandthisresultsinspendingalotofmoney.Therefore,theyarenotabletobecomeawareofotherimportantneedsoflife.Studentsmayfeelcompelledtochaseastyleorfashionwhenitbecomestrendydespitethehassle(麻煩).Thisfocusmaypushthemtotheirlimitsandtheycanfeelhopelessness.Additionally,moneyspentonfashioncouldhavebeenusedforvariousotherpurposeslikecharityand60Unit4?FashionandBeautyhelpingthepoor.

FFashioncreatesaninaccessible(難達到的)standardforstudents.Theyallwanttobeattractiveandglamorouslikethecelebritiesontelevisionorinmagazineshencetheyspendalotoftimeandmoneyjusttobuildupagoodimpressiononpeoplearoundthem.Iftheyfailtomakeastatement,itwouldleadtolowself-esteem.Itmayalsocreateanimosity(憎惡)betweenfriendsandcanruinfriendships.Itmayleadtostudentsjudgingpeoplebytheirappearance.Thosewhocannotspendsufficientamountontheiroutwardlookmayeventuallybecomepersecuted(困擾),diminishingtheirconfidence.GStudentswhoconcentratemoreonfashionaregenerallylessconsciousabouttheirstudies.Theythinkthatbyadoptingcertainfashiontrends,theywillachievedistinctionamongtheirpeersandthereforetheystartgivinglessimportancetotheiracademiccareers.

HButtherearealsosomepositivepointsaboutbeingfashionable.Forinstance,whenteenagersfeelgoodwithhowtheylook,itgivesthemasenseofworthandconfidence.Moreover,theyfeelmoreindependentandacceptableinasocialcontext.Byparticipatinginthefashionsubcultureandmeetinglike-mindedpeople,studentsbetterknowtheirownpersonalities.Also,trendyclothingshowsaperson’sstatus;peopleassumeapersonmoreprogressiveifheiswearingfashionableclothes.IStudentseventuallycometoknowthatitisnotgoodforthemtofolloworimitateothersallthetime.Instead,theyshouldlearnhowtobeinnovativeandmaketheirownstylethathelpsthemtobecomestrong,independentandimaginative.Fashionisthenameofexpressingoneself.Whenpeoplehavethelibertytofeelcomfortableaboutthemselves,itresultsinamoresuccessfulandprosperoussociety.

JArtisbeneficialtosociety,asisfashionbecauseitisaformofart.Fashionisabigreasoncompaniesinvestmoreintotheexpansionoflatestclothing,trends,andbetterliving.Fashionisamoneymakingmethodthatcanprovideemploymenttothousandsofpeople.Wecannotdisagreewiththefactthatfashionhasasignificantplaceinthelifeofeverystudent.Attimes,itcanbethesourcethatmakeslifemorepleasant.614新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4Generally,fashioncanbeentertaining,exciting,andharmless.Ontheotherhand,itcanbedestructiveforthelivesofcertainpeople.Itisgoodtobefashionableunlessitisdamagingyouracademicperformance.

KThereshouldbestabilityinthelivesofstudentspursuingfashion.Itisadmirabletopursuefashionwithinlimits,butalsotostillbeawareofpotentialproblemstheymayfacebeyondthoselimits.Theirprimeresponsibilityshouldbeknowledgeinsteadofchasingfashiontrends.Thereshouldbearightbalancebetweenbeingfashionableandgettingawayfromourroots.Studentsshouldbeawarethattheyhaveplentyoftimetoindulgeinfashionandotherluxuriesaftercompletingtheirstudies.Studentsshoulddevotetheirpresenttimetoeducation.

1.Achangeinappearancecanberegardedasasocialstatementbyyoungpeople.

2.Participatinginfashionsubculturesallowsstudentstogettoknowthemselvesandtheirpersonalities.3.Studentswhoareoverlyfocusedonfashionmaybecomepronetojudgingpeoplebasedontheirappearances.4.“Mod”cultureoriginatedinLondonduringthe1960s.5.Celebritiesplayaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentofyoungpeople’sfashion.6.Fashionhasbothapositiveandnegativeimpactonstudents.7.Thestudentswhoarethemostfocusedontheiroutwardappearancestendtobe62Unit4?FashionandBeautytheleastfocusedontheirstudies.8.Thesocialclasseswhichweredefinedinthe18thcenturyarestillpresenttoday.9.Manypeopleassumethatthosewhoaremoreprogressiveweartrendierclothing.10.Withoutfashion,therewouldbealossofthedistinctionsbetweensocialclasses.Task2Completethesummaryofthepassageusingwordsfromtheboxbelow.

negativepositiveself-esteemconsumptionconveypersonalitiessubculturessocializemoneystandardroleformtrendscelebritiesYoungpeoplehavealwaysbeenattractedtonewclothing1.Indeed,fashionplaysanimportant2inthelivesofmoststudents.Fashionprovidesthemwithwaysto3theirfeelingsandbeliefs,andexploretheir4.Asa(n)5ofart,fashionallowsstudentstoexpressthemselvescreatively.However,fashioncanalsohavea(n)6impactonyoungpeople.Havingtoconstantlykeepupwiththelateststylescreatesanimpossiblyhigh7forstudentstomeet,andspendingtoomuchtimepursuingglamourtakestheirattentionawayfromtheirschoolwork.

Task3Questions1-5arebasedonthepassageabove.Readthepassageagain,thenchoosethebestanswertothequestionsortocompletethesentences.

1.ApopularyouthlifestylethatoriginatedinLondoninthe1960swascalled“mod”,shortfor.A.moderate634新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4B.modernC.modulatedD.model2.Whichdecadewasknownasthe“AgeofFlamingYouth”?A.The1920s.

B.The1950s.

C.The1960s.

D.The1980s.

3.Whenteenagersfeelgoodabouthowtheylook,theyfeelasenseofworthand.A.intelligenceB.diligenceC.innocenceD.confidence4.WhichofthefollowingnegativeconsequencesofbeingtoofocusedonfashionisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Judgingpeoplebasedontheirappearance.

B.Givinglessimportancetoschoolwork.

C.Developinglowself-esteem.

D.Stealingclothingfromstores.

5.Attheendofthetext,theauthorarguesthatstudents’primaryconcernshouldnotbefashion,but.A.friendshipsB.familyC.educationD.dating64Unit4?FashionandBeautyPassage3ToThoseThatHave,ShallBeGivenAImagineyouhavetwocandidatesforajob.Theyarebothofthesamesex—andthatsexistheoneyoufindattractive.TheirCVsareequallygood,andtheybothgivegoodinterviews.However,oneishomely,andtheotherishandsome.Areyouswayed(影響)bytheirappearance?

BPerhapsnot.Butless-moralpeoplemightbe.Ifappearancedidnotcount,whywouldpeopledressupforinterviews?Ifbeautyswaysinterviewers,thebeautifulwill,generally,havemoresuccessfulcareersthantheugly—evenincareersforwhichbeautyisnotanecessaryqualification.

CIfyouwereswayedbysomeone’slooks,however,wouldthatbewrong?Inasocietythateschews(避開)prejudice,favouringthebeautifulseemsveryshallow.Butitwasnotalwaysthus.Inthepast,peopleoftenequatedbeautywithvirtueanduglinesswithvice(缺點).

DTheexpression“asuglyassin”hasstillnotquitepassedfromthelanguage.Thereis,654新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4ofcourse,theequallyfamousexpression“beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder”,tocounterit.Buttheideathatbeautyisarbitraryiswrong.Mostbeholdersagreeonwhatisbeautiful—andmodernbiologysuggeststhereisagoodreasonforthatagreement.Biologyalsosuggeststhatbeautymay,indeed,beagoodruleofthumbforassessingsomeoneofeithersex.Notaninfallible(一貫正確的)one,andcertainlynosubstituteforanin-depthinvestigation.But,nevertheless,aninstinctiveone,andonethatisboundtoredoundto(有助於改進)theadvantageofthephysicallyblessed.

EThegodfatherofscientificstudyofbeautyisDr.RandyThornhill,oftheUniversityofNewMexico.Alittleoveradecadeago,hetookanobservationheoriginallymadeaboutinsectsanddaredtoapplyittopeople.

FTheinsectsinquestionwerescorpionflies,andtheobservationwasthatthoseflieswhosewingsweremostsymmetricalweretheonesthatdidbestinthematingstakes.Dr.Thornhillthoughtthispreferenceforsymmetrymightturnouttobeuniversalintheanimalkingdom(anditdoesindeedseemtobe).Inparticular,heshoweditistrueofpeople.Hestartedwithmanipulatingpicturestomakefacesmoreandlesssymmetrical,andhavingvolunteersoftheoppositesexranktheirattractiveness.Buthehasgoneontoshowthatallaspectsofbodilysymmetrycontribute,andthattheassessmentappliestothoseofthesamesex,too.

GThereasonseemstobethatperfectsymmetryishardforadevelopingembryo(胚胎)tomaintain.Theembryothatcanmaintainitobviouslyhasgoodgenes(andalsoacertainamountofluck).

HOtheraspectsofbeauty,too,areindicatorsofhealth.Skinandhaircondition,inparticular,aresensitivetoillness,malnutritionandsoon.Morerecentworkhasdemonstratedanotherassociation.Contrarytothestereotypesaboutdumbblondes,beautifulpeopleseemtobecleverer,too.

IOneofthemostdetailedstudiesonthelinkbetweenbeautyandintelligencewasdonebyMarkProkosch,RonaldYeoandGeoffreyMiller,whoalsoworkattheUniversityof66Unit4?FashionandBeautyNewMexico.Theseresearcherscorrelatedpeople’sbodilysymmetrywiththeirperformanceonintelligencetests.Suchtestscomeinmanyvarieties,ofcourse.Butmostworkersinthefieldagreethatthereisaquality,normallyreferredtoas“generalintelligence”,thatsuchtestscanmeasureobjectivelyalongwithspecificabilitiesinsuchareasasspatialawarenessandlanguage.Dr.Millerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthemoreatestwasdesignedtomeasuregeneralintelligence,themoretheresultswerecorrelatedwithbodilysymmetry—particularlyinthebottomhalfofthebeauty-uglinessspectrum.

JFaces,too,seemtocarryinformationonintelligence.Severalyearsago,twooftheworld''''sfaceexperts,LeslieZebrowitz,ofBrandeisUniversityinMassachusetts,andGillianRhodes,oftheUniversityofWesternAustralia,reviewedtheliteratureandconductedfreshexperiments.Theyfoundninepaststudies,andsubjectedthemtowhatiscalledameta-analysis.

KThestudieshadallusedmoreorlessthesamemethodology,namelyphotographingpeopleandaskingthemtodoIQtests,thenshowingthephotographstootherpeopleandaskingthesecondlottoranktheintelligenceofthefirstlot.Theresultssuggestedthatpeoplegetsuchjudgmentsrightoftenenoughtobesignificant.Theresearchersandtheircolleaguesthencarriedouttheirownexperiment,withtheaddedtwistofdividingtheirsubjectsupbyage.LTheresultsofthatweresurprising.Theyfoundthatthefacesofchildrenandadultsofmiddlingyearsseemedtogiveawayintelligence,whilethoseofteenagersandtheelderlydidnot.Thatissurprisingbecauseface-readingofthissortmustsurelybeimportantinmateselection,andtheteenageyearsarethetimewhensuchselectionislikelytobemostintense—though,conversely,theyarealsothetimewhenevolutionwillbeworkinghardesttocoverupanydeficiencies(缺陷),andthehormone-drivenchangestakingplaceduringpuberty(青春期)mightprovidethematerialneededtodothat.Nevertheless,theaccumulatingevidencesuggeststhatphysicalcharacteristicsdogivecluesaboutintelligence,thatsuchcluesarepickedupbyotherpeople,andthatthesecluesarealso674新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀4associatedwithbeauty.Andotherworkalsosuggeststhatthismatters.

MOneoftheleadingstudentsofbeautyandsuccessisDanielHamermeshoftheUniversityofTexas.Dr.Hamermeshisaneconomistratherthanabiologist,andthusbringsasomewhatdifferentperspectivetothefield.Hehascollectedevidencefromseveralcontinentssuggestingthatbeautyreallyisassociatedwithsuccess—atleastfinancialsuccess.Hehasalsoshownthat,ifallelseisequal,itmightbeaperfectlylegitimatebusinessstrategytohiremorebeautifulcandidates.

NJustoveradecadeagoDr.HamermeshpresidedoveraseriesofsurveysintheUnitedStatesandCanadawhichshowedthatwhenallotherthingsaretakenintoaccount,uglypeopleearnlessthanaverageincomes,whilebeautifulpeopleearnmorethantheaverage.Theugliness“penalty”formenwas-9%whilethebeautypremiumwas+5%.Forwomen,theeffectwasless:theuglinesspenaltywas-6%whilethebeautypremiumwas+4%.

OWhattheseresultssuggestisatwo-foldprocess.Thereisafeedbackloopbetweenbiologyandthesocialenvironmentthatgivestothosewhohave,andtakesfromthosewhohavenot.Thishappensbecausebeautyisarealmarkerforother,underlyingcharacteristicssuchashealth,goodgenesandintelligence.Itthereforemakesbiologicalsenseforpeopletopreferbeautifulfriendsandlovers.Givenallthis,itishardlysurprisingthatthecosmeticsindustryhasglobalsalesof$280billion.

1.Researchersagreethatintelligencetestsareabletoobjectivelymeasurewhatisknownas“generalintelligence”.2.Itisdifficultforadevelopingembryotomaintainperfectsymmetry.68Unit4?FashionandBeauty3.LeslieZebrowitzandGillianRhodesfoundthatthefacesofchildrenandadultsofmiddlingyearsseemedtogiveawayintelligence.4.Beautifulpeopletendtoearnmorethanaverageincomes.5.Dr.Millerandhiscolleaguesfoundthatthemoreatestwasdesignedtomeasuregeneralintelligence,themoretheresultswerecorrelatedwithbodilysymmetry.6.Inonestudy,Dr.Thornhillmanipulatedpeople’sphotostomaketheirfacesmoreandlesssymmetrical.7.Dr.Hamermeshisaneconomist.8.Skinandhairconditionareindicatorsofhealth.9.Dr.Thornhillobservedthatscorpionflieswhosewingsweremostsymmetricalweretheonesthatdidbestinmatingstakes.10.Intelligencetestsareabletomeasurespecificabilitiesinareassuchasspatialawarenessandlanguage.Task2Choosethemostsuitableheadingfortheparagraphsfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writetheappropriatenumber(i—v)ontheblanks.

ListofHeadingsi.TheResultsii.Biology,SocialEnvironment,andBeautyiii.TheCorrelationBetweenBeautyandIncomeiv.Dr.Thornhill’sExperimentv.TheCorrelationBetweenBodilySymmetryandIntelligence1.ParagraphF2.ParagraphI3.ParagraphL4.ParagraphN694新時代大學進階英語長篇閱讀45.ParagraphOTask3Pleasewriteashortessayentitled:“IsAnimal-DerivedClothingUnethical?”Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.Inrecentyears,activistsaroundtheworldhavebeenputtingpressureonfashionbrands,retailers,andevencitiesandcountriestobanthemanufacturingandsaleofclothingderivedfromanimals.Theirargumentisthatclothingmadewithfur,wool,andleatherisunethical.2.Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?