{106}關於過去這幾十年前所未有的和平狀態，特別可參見：Steven Pinker，The Better Angels of Our Nature：Why Violence Has Declined (New York：Viking，2011)；Joshua S.Goldstein，Winning the War on War：The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide (New York，N.Y.：Dutton，2011)；Gat，War in Human Civilization.
{107}'World Report on Violence and Health：Summary，Geneva 2002'，World Health Organization，accessed December 10，2010，http：//www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_annex_en.pdf.
之前時代的死亡率請參見：Lawrence H.Keeley，War before Civilization：The Myth of the Peaceful Savage (New York：Oxford University Press，1996).
{108}'World Health Report，2004'，World Health Organization，124，accessed 10December，2010，http：//www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf.
{109}Raymond C.Kelly，Warless Societies and the Origin of War (Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，2000)，21.See also Gat，War in Human Civilization，129-31；Keeley，War before Civilization.
{110}Manuel Eisner，'Modernization，Self-Control and Lethal Violence'，British Journal of Criminology 41：4(2001)，618-638；Manuel Eisner，'Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime'，Crime and Justice：A Review of Research 30(2003)，83-142；'World Report on Violence and Health：Summary，Geneva 2002'，World Health Organization，accessed December 10，2010，http：//www.who.int/whr/2001/en/whr01_annex_en.pdf；'World Health Report，2004'，World Health Organization，124，accessed 10December，2010，http：//www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf.
{111}Walker and Bailey，'Body Counts in Lowland South American Violence，'30.
{112}若想從心理和生化兩種層麵來討論快樂，以下著作是很好的出發點：Jonathan Haidt，The Happiness Hypothesis：Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom (New York：Basic Books，2006)；R.Wright，The Moral Animal：Evolutionary Psychology and Everyday Life (New York：Vintage Books，1994)；M.Csikszentmihalyi，'If We Are So Rich，Why Aren't We Happy'，American Psychologist 54：10(1999)：82127；F.A.Huppert，N.Baylis and B.Keverne，ed.，The Science of Well-Being (Oxford：Oxford University Press，2005)；Michael Argyle，The Psychology of Happiness，2nd edition (New York：Routledge，2001)；Ed Diener (ed.)，Assessing Well-Being：The Collected Works of Ed Diener (New York：Springer，2009)；Michael Eid and Randy J.Larsen (eds.)，The Science of Subjective Well-Being (New York：Guilford Press，2008)；Richard A.Easterlin (ed.)，Happiness in Economics (Cheltenham：Edward Elgar Pub.，2002)；Richard Layard，Happiness：Lessons from a New Science (New York：Penguin，2005).