T:If you had been more careful, you would have passed it.
S:Miss Chen,how can I improve my English?
T:If I were you, I would concentrate more on reading and listening.
S:如果我早些聽你的建議,我就不會不及格了。
If I had followed your advice earlier,I wouldn’t have failed.
就這樣,把學生的生活實際與交際結合到課堂中,學生不僅學得開心,知道如何真正提高英語成績,對虛擬語氣的印象比較深刻,還較快地發現if條件句對現在、對過去、對將來虛擬的規則。
(三)交際法在語法機械操作中的運用
在學生掌握了if條件句的虛擬語氣的規則後,便開始進行一些簡單的機械的操練,機械操練並不意味著做些簡單的填空、選擇或是機械地翻譯句子等,同樣需要在一個較真實的語境中,讓學生去體驗、去交際,提高運用語言的準確性。
機械操練的內容要源於學生生活。“源於生活”的選題原則就是首先交際的主題應該來源於學生身邊或周圍所發生的事情,也就是要貼近學生的生活實際,這樣學生在交際時才能言之有物,並且樂於表達。其次操練的內容應當注意學生的需要。此項是交際的前提,學生感興趣,才願意說,才有話可說,才有可能說好[4]。
針對不同條件的虛擬,教師設置了不同的任務。接下來以對現在和過去的虛擬為例。
1.對現在的虛擬:要求同學之間進行如下對話。
A:If you had a lot of money, what would you do?
B:If I had a lot of money,I would ?搖 ?搖?搖?搖. What about you? What would you do?
A:?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖.
學生可以自由發揮,必要的時候,教師可以提供一些場景如圖片(學生生活中的真實的畫麵)、動畫,等或是提供一些本單元的詞彙與結構,幫助學生更好地交際。下麵是學生在課堂上的部分對話。
S1:If you had a lot of money,what would you do?
S2:If I had a lot of money,I would arrange a unique wedding for our headteacher.(同學們爆笑)What about you?What would you do?
S2:I would prepare a surprise for Jean’s coming birthday.
S1:Jean’s birthday?Really?
...
在這個環節中,學生不僅在輕鬆的討論和對話的過程中體驗到合作學習的快樂,而且在真實的交際中自然而然地運用到虛擬語氣,並更好地掌握虛擬語氣,更能上本單元的新詞彙arrange,wedding等。師生之間、生生之間的情感更加融洽,在這樣溫暖的環境下學語法,學生更加樂意。
2.對過去的虛擬:結合今年最受歡迎的電視節目《中國好聲音》,要求學生以身邊的同學為例,進行一些簡單的有趣的對話,用虛擬語氣。教師可提供一個示範,以及一些詞彙供學生參考。
S1:If Lin Yan had taken part in the Voice of China,he would have taken the place of Jin Zhiwen.
Lin Yan:Had I defeated Jin Zhiwen,I would not stay here but hold a concert in Quanzhou.
聽到林炎同學的句子裏用上了倒裝句及有表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣,感到特別驚喜,進行一番表揚後,便把這個句子寫在黑板上,跟同學們一起學習、一起分析,在這特定的真實的情景下,同學們很快就理解了,也能較準確地用在下麵的討論中。
S2:Had our music teacher helped him,Chen Zhichao would have been in the stage.
Zhichao:Had I been in the stage,I would have said I love you.
輕鬆的交際環境不僅有效地促進課堂的互動,增加學生的語言輸出,更使學生清楚虛擬語氣在日常生活與交際中的運用,在不斷對話的過程中,學生更好地掌握了虛擬語氣的倒裝及錯蹤時間的虛擬語氣。同時也達到德育滲透的目的,提到名字的孩子也能感受到同學們和老師的認可,自信心不斷增強。
(四)交際法在語法意義操練中的運用
語法學習的關鍵在於運用、在於交際。教師精心設計與教材內容相契合的情景語篇,引導學生利用新學的語法,結合本單元的新詞彙、短語和句型,圍繞情景話題進行有意義的表達和交際,促使學生在語篇中主動運用語言,提高學生運用語言的流利度。
1.Reading and speaking
學到if 引導的條件句的虛擬語氣,教師便引申到不用if引導的含蓄條件句。因為第二天是感恩節,教師便結合自己的親身經曆,配以舊照片回憶往事,呈現一篇表達自己感恩之情的文章。
Tomorrow is Thanksgiving Day.Here I want to say thank you to my parents because without them,I would not lead such a happy life now.Meanwhile,I really appreciate my friends.But for their support and encouragement,I would not have walked out of those depressing time.I have been too busy these days,otherwise I would have prepared some presents.
這樣不僅把虛擬語氣和生活實際聯係起來,還讓學生學會持有一顆感恩的心。段落的呈現讓學生在感恩之中感受含蓄條件句,為他們接下來的口語交際與書信交流搭建很好的橋梁,所以在總結虛擬條件句的規則後,教師便引導學生模仿,並開口講英語,提前表達他們的感恩之情。
S1:I want to say thank you to my parents.Without them,I would not lead such a satisfying life now.
S2:I want to say thank you to my friend Mary.Had it not been for her help,I would not have got over the depression last year and appreciate the happiness in my daily life now.