更正:
(1)One memorable story in the novel concerns how Liu Bei tried not to rouse Cao Cao’s suspicion about his ambitions
(2)Based on his careful observation of children’s behavior, he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.
由於受到中文表達習慣和思維習慣的影響,學生在漢英翻譯時容易按照中文表達順序直接把單詞逐字翻譯成英文,如第一句的“劉備怎樣盡量不”以及第二句的“他根據”,例句中學生都是按照中文的表達順序逐字翻譯,而沒有考慮到英文的表達順序和表達習慣,翻譯成了中國式的英語。在漢英翻譯時,除了對句子意思的翻譯還要遵從目的語言的表達方式和表達順序。
4. 句式的雜糅
原句:
(1)我們生活在很多想象的威脅當中因此經常感到沮喪。
(2)這小說裏有一個值得記住的故事,講的是……
誤譯:(1)We live in many imaginary threats results to we often feel disheartened.
(2)There is a story worth remembering in this novel was about how
更正:(1)We often live under many imaginary threats and feel disheartened as a result.
(2)One memorable story in the novel concerns
分析以上兩個句子時我們會發現,當中文句子為複合句時,學生在翻譯時往往會一股腦兒將所有內容按字麵意思翻譯出來而沒有顧及句子之間的邏輯關係或者所譯句子是否符合英語的語法規範。在中文表達中,我們可以將兩個甚至幾個句子放在一句話裏,中間甚至不用標點符號隔開或者連詞連接,因此,學生在翻譯時就會受到母語表達習慣的影響,將本該分開或者是用連詞連接的句子全部不加區別地翻譯到一句話裏。
5. 句子主動被動語態不分
誤譯:The book may not publish any more.
I think it must caused by oldness.
Because neighbors are heard their fighting…
He was entered into the house secretly.
更正:The book may not be published any more.
I think it must be caused by oldness.
Because neighbors heard their fighting…
He entered into the house secretly.
在以上的例句中,學生出現了兩種錯誤。前兩句本該用被動語態的句子未用被動語態,而後兩個該用主動語態的句子卻又用了被動語態。造成這種錯誤的原因之一是學生在翻譯時的粗心大意,未能認真仔細研讀句子語態,發現主語與動詞之間的被動關係;其二是因為在中文裏我們表達被動的方式大多是直接加被動詞“被”或是表達被動意思的詞。這點比英文更加簡單直接。
6. 句子時態混亂
原句:
(1)他對他的研究如此專心致誌,從來沒有過很快就要退休的念頭。
(2)我們生活在很多想象的威脅當中,結果就常常感到沮喪。
誤譯:
(1)He is so devoted to his research that he had never thought to retire soon.
(2)We lived in a lot of imaginary threats and feel disheartened as a result.