CBCT三維重建在單側唇齶裂二期鼻整形應用中的近期效果評價
眼耳鼻美容
作者:吳建中 萬林忠 錢小潔
[摘要]目的:應用CBCT三維重建測量技術評價唇齶裂患者二期鼻整形術前術後鼻外形的改變。方法:對20例正常成年人及20例單側唇齶裂二期鼻整形術前及術後6個月拍攝CBCT(cone-beam computed tomography),獲取三維麵部影像數據,以Dicom的格式轉移到simplant11.04軟件程序,建立麵部三維圖像,對鼻及周圍結構定點,並進行線距及角度測量。測量結果采用SPSS13.0係統軟件包對數據進行配對t檢驗。結果:對21個標記點共14項測量項目進行測量標記(放進方法裏麵),並對其中5項指標進行了患、健側比較(放進方法,列出重要指標)。術前單側唇齶裂患者雙側鼻翼發育程度不一致,患側較健側發育不全:鼻尖位置偏健側,鼻尖下點到鼻翼外側緣點的距離患側大於健側;鼻中線偏斜;鼻麵角、鼻唇角小於正常人,鼻額角大於正常人;患側鼻孔寬度大於健側;鼻小柱偏向健側。術後:患、健側鼻孔寬度接近相等。結論:應用CBCT三維重建測量技術能精確測量外鼻相關數據,並可以明確外鼻的畸形程度,患、健側組織不對稱程度及評價手術療效。
[關鍵詞]錐體束CT;三維重建;鼻畸形;牙槽突裂;鼻翼基底部
[中圖分類號]R622 [文獻標誌碼]A [文章編號]1008-6455(2015)11-0028-06
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the before and after period change of patients with cleft lip and palate nose rhinoplasty with the application of CBCT 3D reconstruction measurement technique. Methods Taking CBCT before and after surgery in 20 cases of normal adults and 20 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate nose rhinoplasty of two period for 6 months(cone-beam computed tomography),to obtain the 3D facial image data,in the form of Dicom which can transferred to the Simplant 11.04 software,then build the face of three-dimensional image,structure the fixed-point of nose and the surrounding,meanwhile measure the line distance and angle.Using SPSS 13 software package for data to measure the results in order to paire t-test. Results Measure 14 measured markers which included of 21 markers(put into method),and compared with 5 indicators which were the healthy side,(into the method,list the important index).Compared to healthy side hypoplasia, preoperative patients with unilateral cleft lip cleft palate alae nasi was not consistent:the tip of the nose position partial contralateral,the distance to nose point of alar lateral margin was larger than the contralateral nasal midline deviation;nasal facial angle and nasolabial angle was smaller than normal people.The amount of nasal angle was greater than normal,ipsilateral nostril width was larger than the contralateral nasal columella that toward the healthy side.Postoperative contralateral nostril:patient, width nearly equal. Conclusion The application of CBCT measurement technology of 3D reconstruction can accurately measure the external nasal related data, and can clear the nasal deformity patients, operation,curative effect and evaluation of the contralateral tissue asymmetry.
Key words:cone beam CT;3D reconstruction;nasal deformity;alveolar process cleft;alar base
鼻作為麵部中心突出的標誌,是關注的焦點,同時也是表現個人特性的標誌。因此,盡管鼻是一小器官,可以影響整個麵部外形。鼻外形的改變會對個人形象和穩定的心理產生一定的影響。
評估不同鼻整形方法術後效果的研究較多,但是對術後改變的量化評價報道較少。常用的測量方法有直接的人體測量方法, 二維照片和X線片來記錄和測量術後改變等。然而, 鼻部是一個三維的實體,無論是鼻部的表情運動,還是手術後的外形和結構改變,都具有三維性。為了克服上述常用測量方法的缺點,三維圖像處理技術開始得到廣泛使用,包括三維頭影測量技術、三維激光掃描技術、三維光電數字化成形技術和三維重建測量技術等。三維重建測量技術通過使用CBCT及三維重建軟件獲取患者三維麵部影像,對其進行三維測量獲取數據,通過數據分析軟件對整個鼻部的對稱性進行比較。本研究對20例正常成年人和20例單側唇齶裂二期鼻整形術前術後拍攝CBCT,進行鼻麵部三維圖像重建,鼻部及周圍結構定點,並對相關的線距及角度進行測量,以評價整個鼻部的畸形程度,患、健側組織不對稱程度及手術療效。