正文 雙分子標記法的構建及在中藥研究中的應用(1 / 3)

雙分子標記法的構建及在中藥研究中的應用

專論

作者:黃璐琦 錢丹 鄧超

[摘要] 該文針對作者之前提出的分子鑒定中真偽鑒別有餘,優劣評價不足的現象,以及中藥材二維分子標記法構建中功能基因研究基礎薄弱的情況,提出了基於DNA分子標記和代謝標識物相結合的雙分子標記法(bimolecular marking methods,簡稱BIMM),能滿足現階段在分子水平同時研究中藥的種類和質量差異。該文係統介紹了雙分子標記法的概念、原理、方法和技術流程,總結了該方法所具備的技術優勢,展望了其在中藥多來源藥材的鑒別研究、年限鑒別研究、產地鑒別研究、優良種質研究、新的藥物資源的尋找和開發及中藥植物新品種保護中的重要應用。作為中藥材二維分子標記法的補充,雙分子標記法的提出,將進一步促進分子水平對中藥的真偽鑒定及質量優劣評價研究的發展。

[關鍵詞]雙分子標記法;DNA分子標記;代謝標識物;真偽;優劣

Hypothesis and application of bimolecular marking methods in Chinese materia medica

HUANG Lu-qi1, QIAN Dan2, DENG Chao3

(1.State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;

2.Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;

3. Science and Technology Development Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100122, China)

[Abstract]Based on the current shortage of genuine/false authentication and quality evaluation in the molecular identification, and the weak functional gene research in the establishment of two-dimensional molecular markering methods for Chinese materia medica, the authors proposed a new method, the bimolecular marking methods (BIMM) for Chinese materia medica, combining DNA marker and metabolomics marker, that could simultaneously research the species and quality differences at the molecular level at the present stage. The authors introduced the concept, principle, methods, and technical process of BIMM, and summarized the technical advantages in this paper. Meanwhile, the application of BIMM in the identification of multiple sources of Chinese materia medica, years-identification, different locations, elite germplasm research, discovery of new drugs resources,protection of new varieties was also discussed. As a supplement of two-dimensional molecular markering method for Chinese materia medica, BIMM would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but also provide another effective way for quality evaluating.

[Key words]bimolecular marking methods; DNA marker; metabolomics marker; genuine/false; quality

doi:10.4268/cjcmm20150201

筆者2012年提出了中藥“真偽、優劣”二維分子標記法及其策略構想,以期在分子水平同時解決中藥“真偽、優劣”評價的2個核心問題[1]。經過近3年的研究實踐,發現“優劣”鑒定方麵的功能基因研究難度較大,導致該方法研究進展緩慢,而隨著代謝標識物研究快速發展,為上述策略構想的實施提供新的方向和支撐,為此本文提出了雙分子標記法及其構想,以期促進二維分子標記法構建,從分子水平對中藥的真偽優劣進行鑒定及評價研究的進一步發展。

1雙分子標記法的構建

1.1雙分子標記法的提出目前,中藥鑒定與評價的分子標識主要側重於單一DNA分子標記對中藥不同種屬間的鑒別(黃芪[2]、川貝母[3]、洋金花[4]等)及對不同居群間的遺傳多樣性的分析,或根據單指標化學成分評價同一中藥不同來源、不同產地、不同發育階段的質量差異。但由於中藥的原植物生物進化機製複雜,雜交、基因轉移、多倍化現象、栽培種質混雜等會導致DNA序列信息在一些物種間沒有鑒別力或產生錯誤的鑒定結論。中藥是多成分的複雜體係,通過單一或部分指標性成分來評價其質量優劣,無法體現其整體效應,存在一定局限性。