讚比亞34例次乙狀結腸扭轉的急診手術治療體會
臨床探討
作者:餘輝 林中洪
[摘要] 目的 總結乙狀結腸扭轉高發區的手術治療經驗。 方法 對Levy Muwanawasa 綜合醫院2011年8月~2012年11月34例次成人乙狀結腸扭轉急診手術患者的臨床資料進行回顧性分析。術中發現乙狀結腸扭轉腸襻長約60 ~120 cm,扭轉腸襻壞死但未穿孔4例。其中行乙狀結腸無術中灌洗一期切除吻合術32例次,乙狀結腸扭轉複位加腸管固定術1例,乙狀結腸扭轉單純複位1例。 結果 2例手術複位患者出院後1~3月,症狀複發再次入院行乙狀結腸一期切除吻合術。30例次急診一期切除吻合術患者均一期痊愈;術後隨訪1~12月,未見複發。2例次術後並發吻合口瘺,二次剖腹探查發現與吻合口張力過高有關,行Hartmann術後因感染性休克而死亡。 結論 乙狀結腸扭轉且扭轉腸襻較長患者應首選乙狀結腸切除吻合術,急診一期乙狀結腸無術中灌洗切除吻合術對於未穿孔乙狀結腸扭轉患者是可行的,無張力吻合是手術關鍵。
[關鍵詞] 乙狀結腸扭轉;急診手術
[中圖分類號] R656.9 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2013)07-0158-03
Emergency surgery of sigmoid volvulus: a retrospective study of thirty-four cases in Zambia
YU Hui1 LIN Zhonghong2
1.Henan Province Zhumadian City Central Hospital Department of NO.2 General Surgery, Zhumadian , China; 2.Jilin Province Tonghua City Central Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology,Tonghua , China
[Abstract] Objective To review the surgical management of acute sigmoid volvulus in a relatively high prevalence area. Methods Thirty-four adult cases with acute sigmoid volvulus seen at the Levy Muwanawasa general hospital (LMGH) Lusaka, between August 2010 and November 2012 were studied. All the cases had undergone emergency laparotomy. The length of twisted sigmoid loop ranged from 60 cm to 120 cm. 4 of 34 cases had gangrenous sigmoid colons without perforation. 32 cases had one-stage resection and primary anastomosis without on-table lavage, one case underwent intraoperative detorsion and another had detorsion detorsion plus sigmoidopexy. Results Two cases with intraoperational detorsion had recurrence 1~3 months after discharge followed by emergent sigmoidectomy and primary anastomosis on the second admission. 30 cases with one-stage resection and primary anastomosis were fully recovered by first intention. No recurrence was found after 1~12 months of follow-up.2 cases had anastomotic leaks due to excessive stoma tension found at re-laparotomy. They had Hartmann’s procedure and finally died of septic shock. Conclusion Sigmoid resection and primary anastomosis should be the first choice for patient with long twisted sigmoid loop. Resection of acute sigmoid volvulus and primary anastomosis without on-table colonic lavage can be carried out safely in patient without complication of perforation and the key to it may be tension-free anastomosis.
[Key words] Sigmoid resection; Emergency surgery
乙狀結腸扭轉是引起老年結腸梗阻的常見原因之一,在非洲等一些發展中國家占所有結腸梗阻患者的50%~90%[1]。國內對乙狀結腸扭轉患者主張先非手術治療,非手術治療失敗後再急診手術且不主張一期切除吻合術[2]。
讚比亞是乙狀結腸扭轉高發區之一,筆者作為國家援讚比亞醫療隊的一名外科醫生,在Levy Muwanawasa 綜合醫院工作。本文對Levy Muwanawasa 綜合醫院2011年8月~2012年11月34例次成人乙狀結腸扭轉急診手術患者的臨床資料進行回顧性分析,總結乙狀結腸扭轉高發區的手術治療經驗。現報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
本組共收集32例患者(34例次)手術的臨床資料,其中2例患者初次入院時急診行單純複位或複位加腸管固定術,出院1~3個月後因乙狀結腸扭轉複發再次手術。其中男29例,女3例,男女比例為9.6∶1;年齡22~75歲,平均年齡43歲。發病至入院時間2~10 d。長期慢性便秘史患者18例,既往有腹痛發作排便排氣後緩解史患者16例,1例患者伴有高血壓及糖尿病。
1.2 臨床表現與診斷
本組均有急性腹痛、明顯腹脹、嘔吐相對較晚、肛門停止排氣排便等臨床表現。查體有不同程度的腹部膨隆、壓痛及明顯叩診鼓音,有典型腹膜炎表現4例,腹腔穿刺出血性腹水2例。全組均行X線平片檢查,21例次顯示擴張增大無結腸袋形的乙狀結腸,呈馬蹄鐵狀,可見巨大液平麵等典型乙狀結腸扭轉X線特征,結合當地本病高發病率從而術前診斷本病。其餘例次“腸梗阻原因待查”,經胃腸減壓、補液等保守治療腸梗阻無緩解,行剖腹探查證實本病。