Richard de Bury理查德·德·伯利
作者簡介
理查德·德·伯利（Richard de Bury，1287—1345），達拉謨大主教，英國最早的藏書家之一，開啟西方書話的第一人。他出身貴族，早年即熱愛藏書，英王愛德華三世時期任外交官時遍覽歐洲各大圖書館和書店。出任達拉謨大主教後，他的藏書更為豐富，幾乎囊括了所有學科、所有形式的書籍。他在去世前一年寫下傳世之作《書之愛》（Philobiblon），該書被公認為第一部深度談論書籍知識的著作。
《書之愛》原文用拉丁文寫成，最著名的英譯本（The Love of Books: The Philobiblon of Richard de Bury）是1888年牛津大學三一學院學者托馬斯（Ernest C. Thomas）
根據28部譯稿整理的版本。本文即節選自這部英語文學的典範之作，介紹了作者向牛津大學贈書後製訂的借書規範。在嚴密條款的字裏行間，不難瞥見伯利的一腔護書之情，亦可從中得見“圖書館學界第一部教科書”的風姿。
It has ever been so difficult to restrain men by the laws of rectitude, that the astuteness of successors might not strive to transgress the bounds of their predecessors, and to infringe established rules in insolence of licence. Accordingly, with the advice of prudent men, we have prescribed the manner in which we desire that the communication and use of our books should be permitted for the benefit of students.
用公正的法規約束人們始終是件難事。精明的後輩或許不會試圖逾越前輩劃定的界限，也不會傲慢地反抗已經確立的製度。因此，我們按審慎之人的建議製訂規範，力求為學者們交流和用書提供便利。
Imprimis, we give and grant all and singular the books, of which we have made a special catalogue, in consideration of affection, to the community of scholars living in ____ Hall at Oxford, as a perpetual gift, for our soul and the souls of our parents, and also for the soul of the most illustrious King Edward the Third from the Conquest, and of the most pious Queen Philippa, his consort; to the intent that the same books may be lent from time to time to all and singular the scholars and masters of the said place, as well regular as secular, for the advancement and use of study, in the manner immediately following, that is to say:
首先，鑒於其影響，我們將開列於特別目錄上的每冊書，作為永久的禮物贈與牛津大學____學院的學者。這是為了我們自己和我們父母的靈魂，也是為了自征服者威廉1以來最著名的國王愛德華三世2的靈魂，以及他的配偶——最虔誠的王後菲莉帕的靈魂。為了促進學術研究的發展和應用，以便該學院的每位學者和大師，無論是教會人士還是世俗學者，都有機會借閱相同的書籍，特製訂如下規範：
Five of the scholars sojourning in the Hall aforesaid shall be appointed by the Master thereof, who shall have the charge of all the books, of which five persons three and not fewer may lend any book or books for inspection and study; but for copying or transcribing we direct that no book shall be allowed outside the walls of the house. Therefore, when any scholar secular or religious, whom for this purpose we regard with equal favour, shall seek to borrow any book, let the keepers diligently consider if they have a duplicate of the said book, and if so, let them lend him the book, taking such pledge as in their judgment exceeds the value of the book delivered, and let a record be made forthwith of the pledge and of the book lent, containing the names of the persons delivering the book and of the person who receives it, together with the day and year when the loan is made.