設立三沙市的戰略意義與城市發展的戰略思路
特稿
作者：王開泳 陳田 虞虎
摘 要：三沙市的設立成為近來全國乃至世界關注的熱點。設立三沙市，不僅具有向國際社會宣示主權的作用，也有助於維護南海的海洋權益，對於國防安全與維護領土完整，國際交流與行政管理都具有十分重大的意義。隨著三沙市政府機構的成立與完善，三沙市所轄的西沙群島、中沙群島和南海群島及附屬島嶼的城市開發和建設提上日程。從周邊環境、自身基礎、產業支撐等方麵論述了三沙市城市開發的基礎條件與環境約束。進而從資源條件、發展潛力、交通條件、開發困境與約束條件等方麵對三沙市的城市開發進行了全麵的評估。特別指出，三沙市的城市開發與建設麵臨淡水之困、生態容量之困、政治軍事之困和漁民安置之困。綜合考慮三沙市的政治因素和資源環境承載力後，提出：（1）三沙市城市開發應遵循生態優先原則，不以經濟利益為導向原則，島、海綜合利用原則和生態旅遊開發原則。（2）三沙市的城市開發應摸清家底，立足高端，遵循向天、向海要地的發展模式，開發海陸空綜合旅遊產品，通過引入現代高科技和生態型項目支撐三沙市的可持續發展。並提出了三沙市未來城市發展的相關對策與建議，為三沙市城市發展提供參考依據。
關鍵詞：城市開發；戰略意義；戰略思路；三沙市
Abstract：The establishment of Shansha city becomes a hot topic all over the country and the worlds， which is not only a declaration of sovereignty to the foreign countries， but also contributes to the maintenance of maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea. It has a great significance for the security of national defense， the maintenance of the territorial integrity and the international exchange and administration management. With the establishment and improvement of Shashi government agencies， urban development and construction is one important task for Xisha Islands， the Zhongsha Islands and the Nansha Islands and theirs affiliated islands which are under the jurisdiction of the Shansha city. Beginning with the basic conditions of urban development in Shansha city， this paper put forward environment constraints of urban development from the viewpoint of surrounding， the development basis， industry support and political and military aspects. Then it carried out a comprehensive assessment of the tourism development from the viewpoint of natural resources， development potential， traffic conditions， development difficulties and constraints of the Shansha city. In particular， the urban development of Shansha city are facing some difficulties such as lack of the fresh water， the poor ecological capacity， political and military， and fishermen placement et al. Based on the comprehensive consideration above， this paper proposes some advice for urban development （1） The urban development in Shansha city should follow some basic principles such as ecological conservation priorities， Non-economic interests oriented， comprehensive utilization of Island and surrounding sea， eco-tourism development etc. （2） Based on the real resources and environmental conditions， the main development model is that urban activity space should expand to the sky and to the sea. Development of tourist products is diverse， including island， sea and air tourism products. In order to support the sustainable development of the South China Sea， it only need some modern high-tech and eco-oriented projects. Finally， it put up with some countermeasures and suggestions for urban development in Shansha city， which can provide a reference for urban development and sustainable development of Shansha city.
Key words：urban development；strategic significance； strategic thinking；Sansha city
中圖分類號：C912.8 文獻標識碼：A
文章編號：1674-4144（2013）-06-04（5）
我國擁有18000km漫長的海岸線、6500多個海島和近300萬km2的海洋國土，海洋資源十分豐富。目前，我國的東南沿海城市發展迅速，已成為我國國民經濟的中心地帶。但在島嶼開發利用方麵，相對於世界上著名的相對成熟的地中海岸、夏威夷、巴厘島、冰島等，我國隻處於起步階段，正麵臨著迫切的轉型發展需求[1]。所以，有關島嶼旅遊和海島城市建設的議題引起了我國理論界和實踐界的關注[2]。2012年6月21日，民政部網站發布《民政部關於國務院批準設立地級三沙市的公告》，撤銷海南省西沙群島、南沙群島、中沙群島辦事處，設立地級三沙市，管轄西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島的島礁及其海域。三沙市人民政府駐西沙永興島。設立三沙市不僅有利於進一步加強我國對西沙群島、中沙群島、南沙群島的島礁及其海域的行政管理和開發建設，保護南海海洋環境，也有利於提升南海諸島在我國的主權地位和南海地區的國防建設。設立三沙市以後，城市開發和建設應當成為三沙市政府的重點工作之一。本文將從三沙市設立的戰略意義入手，係統評估三沙市城市開發與建設的條件、開發困境，進而提出三沙市未來城市發展的戰略思路，為三沙市的城市開發和可持續發展提供借鑒思路。