abbreviation
n. 縮寫字；縮寫
By convention an atom of an element is represented by an abbreviation of the element’s name. 按照慣例，一種元素的原子由該元素名稱的縮寫來表示。
abstain
v. 戒絕；避開；棄權
The doctor asked the patient to abstain from smoking. 醫生叫這位病人戒煙。
ambition
n. 野心；抱負；誌向
Her son was filled with ambition to become a great inventor. 她兒子一心想成為偉大的發明家。
atlas
n. 地圖冊；圖表集
The atlas was published by our company. 這個地圖集是由我們公司出版的。
auditorium
n. 觀（聽）眾席；會堂，禮堂
The crowd overflowed the auditorium. 禮堂裏擠滿了人。
auspicious
adj. 吉兆的，幸運的
Gold has cultural and religious significance for Indian，who consider it auspicious and a sign of wealth and prosperity. 黃金在印度具有文化和宗教的意義；印度人視其為吉物，是財富和富足的標誌。
austere
adj. 嚴峻的；嚴厲的；簡樸的
Mathematics possesses not only truth，but supreme beauty—a beauty cold and austere. 數學不僅擁有真理，而且擁有冷靜而簡樸的至上之美。
authoritative
adj. 權威的；命令的
The financial magazine became as well known for its current affairs investigations as its authoritative business articles. 這本金融雜誌因其時事調查和權威商業文章而聞名。
autobiography
n. 自傳
Although she has written three novels，this autobiography is her first published work. 盡管她已經寫了3部小說，這本自傳卻是她第一部被出版的作品。
autonomy
n. 自治，自治權，自主權
Overcontrol is the limiting of individual job autonomy to such a point that it seriously inhibits effective job performance. 過度控製是指對個人工作自主性的限製達到某種程度，以至於嚴重阻礙有效的工作表現。
auxiliary
adj. 輔助的；補充的；備用的
The hospital has an auxiliary power system in case of power cuts. 這家醫院裝有備用發電係統以防斷電。 avalanche
n. & v. 雪崩
The probability of flood and avalanche has increased greatly since the climate change problem becomes severer. 隨著氣候變化問題變得愈加嚴峻，洪水和雪崩發生的幾率也已經大大增加了。
avant-garde
n. 先鋒 adj. 前衛的；先鋒的
Although she likes avant-garde music，Lydia also plays classical guitar and piano. 盡管莉迪婭喜歡前衛的音樂，但她也彈奏古典吉他和鋼琴。
averse
adj. 厭惡的；反對的；不樂意的
People who lived through the Great Depression were deeply averse to risk and were loath to buy stocks or keep too much money in one bank. 經曆過大蕭條的人非常厭惡風險，不願意購買股票或將太多的錢存放在同一家銀行。
aviator
n. 飛行員，飛行家
Fellow aviators described the cockpit crew of Flight 3272 as careful，competent pilots. 飛行員們將3272次航班上的所有駕駛員描述為非常細心且有能力。
avow
v. 承認；聲明
I believe that there is an authentic beauty in science and this is fervently avowed by many scientists. 我相信科學有它真實的美感——很多科學家都承認這一觀點。
awe
n. & v. 敬畏，畏懼
They spoke together，and the sounds of their voices were low and solemn，as if influenced by a reverence that was deeply blended with awe. 他們在一起交談，聲音深沉而又嚴肅，仿佛被一種深深地融合了畏懼的崇敬所影響。
awry
adj. 歪曲的；錯誤的 adv. 歪斜地；錯誤地
Admittedly，long-range economic forecasting can go spectacularly awry. 誠然，長期經濟預測可能會是極其錯誤的。
axis
n. 軸
The Earth’s axis is the line between the North and South Poles. 地軸是貫穿南極和北極的一條直線。
axle
n. 輪軸；車軸
The key difference between the new A5 and the rest of Audi’s lineup is that the engine will now be placed behind the front axle. 新A5和奧迪其他係列的主要差別是其發動機將被置於前軸後端。
balcony
n. 陽台；包廂
All bedrooms are equipped with private bathroom；some with a balcony. 所有的臥室都有私人浴室，有些還帶陽台。
balm
n. （止痛或療傷的）香油；安慰物
The gentle music was a balm to his spirit. 輕柔的音樂使他的精神得到放鬆。
beneficent
adj. 行善的；有益的；友善的
All of us like her for her beneficent behaviour. 她品行友善，我們大家都喜歡她。
biography
n. 傳記；傳記文學
This is a novel，but on the other hand，it can be looked as a biography. 這是一部小說，但另一方麵，它又可以被看做一部傳記。
bleak
adj. 寒冷的；荒涼的
Thousands of trees were planted on the bleak hillside last year. 去年，荒涼的山坡上種了數以千計的樹。
blemish
n. 瑕疵；汙點 v. 玷汙
His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he’d evaded his taxes. 報上一篇文章聲稱他曾逃稅，他的名譽因此受到損害。
bump
n. 腫塊；突起 v. 碰（傷），撞（破）
He had a curious knock-kneed kind of walk that seemed to send him bumping into things all the time. 膝內翻使他走路時看起來非常奇怪，這種走路方式似乎總讓他撞上東西。
buoyant
adj. 有浮力的；輕快的；價格看漲的
Share prices were buoyant today in active trading. 今日股票交投活躍，價格看漲。
bureaucracy
n. 官僚；官僚作風；官僚機構
We need less bureaucracy in the school system—teachers should be allowed to make more decisions. 學校體製中不需要太多的官僚作風——老師應當被允許作更多決定。
burgeon
n. 芽，嫩芽 v. 急速增長；萌芽
To service the burgeoning tourist industry，an array of professionals has developed who attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at. 為滿足急速增長中的旅遊業的需求，大批專業人士已經成長起來，並嚐試創造一些新穎的項目讓遊客參觀。
burglar
n. 夜賊，盜賊
A 79-year-old man was struck with a hammer by a burglar who broke into his home，Teesside Crown Court heard yesterday. 泰西德刑事法庭昨天審理了一起案件：一位79歲的老人在家中被入室行竊的盜賊用錘子襲擊了。
bush
n. 灌木叢，矮木叢
There is a rose bush in front of the office. 辦公室前有一叢玫瑰。
calamity
n. 災難，不幸事
War is a frightful calamity. 戰爭是一場可怕的災難。
calculus
n. 微積分學；結石
Taylor worked six days a week at Midvale and studied chemistry and calculus on the side. 在米德維爾時，泰勒每周工作6天，還一邊學習化學和微積分學。
conserve
v. 保存；保護；保藏
Such laws exist only to conserve the privilege of this selfish minority. 這種法律的存在隻會保護這一小部分自私自利者的特權。
consolation
n. 安慰，慰藉
There is some consolation for fans because the team still stands a chance of winning the local championship. 使球迷略感欣慰的是這個隊仍然有機會贏得當地比賽的冠軍。
constituent
n. 選民；成分 adj. 有選舉權的；組成的
The Minister’s constituents feel that he does not spend enough time dealing with their problems. 選民認為那位部長沒有花足夠的時間去處理他們的問題。
constraint
n. 強製；壓迫；拘束
She showed constraint in the presence of the strangers. 她在陌生人麵前顯得很拘束。
contingency
n. 偶然，偶然事件
It’s impossible to legislate for every contingency. 為所有偶發事件立法是不可能的。
continuity
n. 連續性；連貫性
There’s no continuity between the parts of his book. 他的書各個部分之間沒有關聯。
contrive
v. 發明；設計；設法做到
The couple contrived to bring up their children on a small income. 這對夫妻設法以微薄的收入把孩子撫養成人。
crumb
n. 碎屑；麵包屑 v. 搓碎，弄碎
She crumb the bread before feeding it to the birds. 她把麵包弄碎，然後喂給鳥吃。
crumple
v. 破裂；變皺；崩潰；碾碎
Some kinds of material crumple more easily than others. 有些衣料比另一些衣料更容易起皺。
cube
n. 立方體；【數】立方
The company produced a powerful desktop computer，a stylish black cube，and its initial market was going to be in education. 這家公司生產出一台強大的台式電腦，一個時髦的黑色立方體，而其初始市場定位在教育領域。
cue
n. 暗示，提示
It seems that time cues provided by the changing lengths of day and night trigger changes in animals’ behaviour—changes that are needed to cope with the cycle of the seasons. 晝夜長短變化所提供的時間信號似乎引發了動物行為的改變——這種改變是應對四季更替所必需的。
cuisine
n. 廚房烹調法，烹飪；飲食，菜肴
The brand equity of sushi as Japanese cultural property adds to the cachet of the country and cuisine. 作為日本的文化資產，壽司的品牌價值提高了日本及日本料理的聲望。
culminate
v. 達到頂點；告終
Everyone feared that the boundary dispute between these two countries would culminate in a war. 人人都擔心，這兩個國家間的邊境爭端將以一場戰爭告終。
cult
n. 禮拜，祭儀；狂熱崇拜；派別，教派；邪教，異教
A spokesman denied the group is a cult and said members could leave whenever they wanted. 發言人否認該組織是宗教團體，並聲明成員可以隨其所願隨時離開。
cunning
adj. 狡猾的；精明的
At first glance it may look like a fearsome snake but this creature is actually a small caterpillar with a cunning means of defence. 第一眼看上去可能會以為這種生物是條可怕的蛇，但實際上它是一隻精心自我防護的小毛毛蟲。
curator
n. 館長；監護人
Sheena Wagstaff，chief curator at Tate Modern，said the work combined “an epic sense of scale with an exquisite level of craftsmanship”. 泰特現代美術館館長希娜·瓦格斯塔夫表示，這件作品將“精湛的工藝水平與史詩般的規模”結合起來。
custody
n. 保管；監護權
A divorcing couple disagreeing about who will get custody of their children go to a court of law. 一對正在離婚的夫妻因在誰應獲得孩子的監護權問題上有分歧而走上了法庭。
cynical
adj. 憤世嫉俗的；玩世不恭的；冷嘲熱諷的
Cynical as it may sound，it may take a sobering economic downturn to drive home the need for further change. 聽起來可能有點諷刺，但是也許隻有經濟低迷才能讓人們清醒地認識到進一步改革的必要性。
dormant
adj. 睡眠狀態的；靜止的
For more than a century，Mount St. Helens lay dormant. 一個多世紀以來，聖海倫山一直處於休眠狀態。
deceive
v. 欺騙，行騙
The old man warned the local population against being deceived by the mountain’s outward calm，and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of the century. 老人警告當地人不要被這座山外表的平靜所迷惑，並預言世紀末將會有一次火山爆發。
dedication
n. 奉獻，獻身
His dedication to teaching gained the respect of his colleagues. 他專心致力於教學的精神贏得了同事們的尊敬。
deduce
v. 演繹；推論；推斷
On the basis of the evidence we deduced that he was guilty. 根據這些證據，我們推斷他是有罪的。
deduct
v. 扣除；減去
Nowadays income tax is normally deducted from a person’s wages. 現在，所得稅通常是在發工資前就已經扣除了。
default
n. & v. 拖欠；違約；不履行責任
He defaulted in his payments on the loan. 他沒有按期償還貸款。
deflate
v. 泄氣；【經】緊縮
The Government decided to deflate when the economic crisis came. 經濟危機來臨時政府決定實行通貨緊縮政策。
delight
n. & v. （使）高興，（使）快樂
He delighted the audience with his performance. 他用表演使觀眾愉悅。
delivery
n. 交付；遞送；分娩
The firm joined up with a small delivery company to reduce cost. 該商行與一家小運輸公司合並以降低成本。
depict
v. 描述，描寫
The book depicts him as a rather unpleasant character. 這本書把他刻畫成一個相當令人討厭的人物。
depress
v. 降低；使沮喪；使蕭條
The threat of war has depressed business activity. 戰爭的威脅使經濟蕭條。
disperse
v. 分散；疏散；分發；傳播
Companies that identify，capture，present，and disperse information quickly will offer customers great value. 那些能夠快速發現、 捕獲、 展現並傳播信息的公司會給顧客帶來更多價值。
dissemble
v. 掩飾；假裝
I tried to dissemble an interest but failed. 我設法假裝感興趣，但最終還是無法做到。
disseminate
v. 散布，傳播
They use the press to disseminate right-wing views. 他們利用報刊來傳播右翼觀點。
dissent
n. & v. 異議
They expressed their dissent from official policy. 他們對官方的政策表示出異議。
dissertation
n. 學位論文；專題論文
Susan took a two-month leave of absence to finish her dissertation. 為了完成論文，蘇珊請了2個月的假。
dissipate
v. 消散；消失；浪費
One of the ways to dissipate perspiration is by convection. 消散汗水的一種方法是通過（空氣的）對流作用。
drainage
n. 排水；排泄；流域麵積；排水裝置
A scientist measured rainfall and discharge in the Seine drainage basin for a period of three years. 一位科學家測量了塞納河流域盆地3年內的降雨量和流量。
drill
n. 鑽孔機 v. 訓練；鑽孔
All that remains from Soviet attempts in the 1970s to assess one of the world’s biggest copper reserves is exploratory drill holes. 上世紀70年代，當時的蘇聯就曾試圖開采這座規模在世界上數一數二的銅礦，現如今，留下來的隻是一些勘探鑽孔。
dubious
adj. 可疑的；不確定的
The science of artificial intelligence has always had both a mysterious and a dubious sheen to it. 人工智能科學總是籠罩著一層神秘和可疑的光環。
dwarf
n. 矮子，侏儒 v. 變矮小
Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago，and ranged in size from roughly the size of a small dog to beasts of enormous proportions that would dwarf even the largest of today’s elephants. 恐龍生活在數百萬年前，它們的體型範圍很廣——從小狗那麼小到巨獸般龐大，現今世界上最大的大象在體型龐大的恐龍麵前也會顯得矮小。
dweller
n. 居住者，居民
An underground dweller himself，Carpenter has never paid a heating bill，thanks to solar panels and natural insulation. 有了太陽能電池板和自然絕緣材料，卡彭特這位住在地下的人從未支付過供暖費。
elasticity
n. 彈力，彈性；伸縮性；靈活性
Process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat is used to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them. 在高溫下用硫磺處理橡膠或橡膠類物質的過程旨在提高它們的彈性、 強度或硬度。
elicit
v. 得出；引出；誘出
Moreover，the questions often elicit responses from students that might otherwise be reluctant to speak up. 並且，這些問題往往能得到那些通常不太願意發言的學生的回應。
extol
v. 讚美，頌揚
The general was extolled as the man who had led the country to victory. 這位將軍被譽為領導全國贏得勝利的人。
extract n. 摘錄；精華 v. 提取；榨取；拔出；獲得
To extract value from an innovation，a start-up needs an appropriate business model. 要想從創新裏麵獲取價值，新公司必須要有一個合適的商業模式。