AppendicesAppendices
Ⅰ. Major News Agencies in the World
1. Xinhua News Agency (新華社)
Xinhua News Agency is the state press agency of the Peoples Republic of China. Xinhua is a ministrylevel department subordinate to the State Council. Its president sits at the powerful Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the highest authority within the Party.
Xinhua operates more than 140 foreign bureaus worldwide, and maintains 33 bureaus in China—one for each province (except Taiwan Province), autonomous region, municipality, and Hong Kong and Macao, plus a military bureau. Xinhua is the sole channel for the distribution of important news related to the Communist Party and Chinese central government. Most of the newspapers rely on Xinhua feeds to fill their pages. Peoples Daily, for example, uses Xinhua material for approximately 25 percent of its stories. Xinhua is a publisher as well as a news agency—it owns more than 20 newspapers and a dozen magazines, and it prints in eight languages: Chinese, English, Spanish, French, Russian, Portuguese, Arabic and Japanese.
新華通訊社，簡稱新華社，是中華人民共和國國家通訊社，隸屬於國務院。新華社社長是中國共產黨中央委員會委員。
新華社在境外設有140多個分支機構，在全國除台灣省以外的各省、自治區、直轄市以及香港特別行政區、澳門特別行政區設有33個分社，在中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊設有分支機構。與中國共產黨和中國政府相關的重要新聞都是由新華社獨家對外發布。國內的多數報紙都以新華社提供的新聞作為新聞稿來源。比如《人民日報》登載的新聞報道約有百分之二十五來自新華社。新華社也是一家出版機構，擁有二十多種報紙、十多種雜誌，用中文、英文、西班牙文、法文、俄文、葡萄牙文、阿拉伯文和日文八種文字為讀者提供各類新聞和信息。
2. Associated Press (美聯社)
Associated Press (AP) is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City. The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, all of which contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists.
As of 2005, the news collected by the AP is published and republished by more than 1700 newspapers, in addition to more than 5000 television and radio broadcasters. The photograph library of the AP consists of over 10 million images. The Associated Press operates 243 news bureaus and it serves at least 120 countries, with an international staff located worldwide. Associated Press also operates The Associated Press Radio Network, which provides newscasts twice hourly for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. That places AP in a position to strongly influence public opinion.
英語報刊選讀 美國聯合通訊社，簡稱美聯社，是一家跨國、非營利性新聞通訊社，總部位於紐約，由多家美國報紙、廣播電台和電視台共同擁有。這些報紙、電台和電視台為美聯社提供新聞，同時也共享由美聯社記者提供的稿件。
據2005年的統計數據顯示，美聯社所收集的新聞被全球1 700多種報紙刊登或轉載，被5 000多家電視台和廣播電台播放。它的圖片館內收藏著1 000多萬張照片。美聯社在全球範圍內有243個通訊社，為至少120國家提供新聞服務，國際雇員遍布世界各地。該社旗下還有一家聯合通訊社廣播網，它為廣播電台、衛星廣播和電視台提供每小時2次的新聞報道。很多國外報紙、廣播電台和電視台因為沒有美聯社會員資格，必須付費購買美聯社提供的消息，這為美聯社左右公眾輿論提供了便利。
3. Reuters（路透社）
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom and a division of Thomson Reuters. Until 2008, the Reuters news agency formed part of an independent company, Reuters Group PLC, which was also a provider of financial market data. Since the acquisition of Reuters Group by The Thomson Corporation in 2008, the Reuters news agency has been a part of Thomson Reuters, forming part of its financial and risk division. It transmits news in English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.
路透社是一家國際通訊社，總部位於英國倫敦，隸屬於湯森路透社。 在2008年之前，路透社曾是一家獨立公司——路透集團的組成部分，路透集團也是一家金融市場數據提供者。2008年，路透集團被湯森公司並購，路透社成為其金融和風險管理部門的一部分。路透社用英語、法語、阿拉伯語、西班牙語、德語、意大利語、葡萄牙語、俄語、日語和漢語向外界發布新聞。
4. Agence FrancePresse (AFP)（法新社）
Agence FrancePresse (AFP) is a French news agency which is the oldest in the world. It is the largest French news agency and one of the largest in the world. AFP is headquartered in Paris, with regional offices in Nicosia, Montevideo, Hong Kong, and Washington, DC, and bureaus in 150 countries. It transmits news in French, English, Arabic, Spanish, German, Portuguese and Russian.
法新社是一家法國通訊社，也是全世界曆史最悠久的通訊社。法新社不僅是法國最大的通訊社，也是全世界最大的幾家通訊社之一。 法新社總部設在巴黎，在尼科西亞、蒙得維的亞、香港和華盛頓設有分支機構，在150個國家設有辦事處。它通過法語、英語、阿拉伯語、西班牙語、德語、葡萄牙語和俄語向全世界發布消息。
5. Information Telegraphic Agency of Russia (俄羅斯國家通訊社)
The Information Telegraph Agency of Russia (abbr. ITARTASS), is a major news agency in Russia, founded in 1902. Headquartered in Moscow, the agency has 74 offices in Russia and CIS, as well as 65 bureaus around the world.
俄羅斯國家通訊社，簡稱俄塔社，也譯為伊塔爾—塔斯社，外文簡稱 ITARTASS。俄塔社創辦於1902年，總部位於莫斯科，是俄羅斯最大的國家級通訊社。該社在俄羅斯和獨聯體成員國設有74個分支機構，在全世界範圍內有65個辦事處。
6. Kyodo News (共同社)
Kyodo News is a nonprofit cooperative news agency based in Minato, Tokyo. It was established in November 1945. And it distributes news to almost all newspapers, and radio and television networks in Japan. Their online news site is in Japanese, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Korean, and English. The agency employs over 1000 journalists and photographers, and maintains news exchange agreements with over 70 international media outlets.
共同社是日本一家非營利性、合作經營的通訊社，創立於1945年11月，總部位於東京港區，為日本幾乎所有的報紙、廣播電台和電視台提供新聞。共同社新聞網站用日語、中文（簡體和繁體）、韓語、英語呈現新聞。受雇於該社的記者和攝影師超過1 000人，該社與70多家國際傳媒機構簽有新聞交換協議。
Ⅱ. Major Broadcasting Corporations in the World
1. CBS (哥倫比亞廣播公司)
Columbia Broadcasting System is an American commercial broadcast television network, which started as a radio network; now it operates a radio network and a portfolio of television and radio stations in large and midsized markets.
哥倫比亞廣播公司是美國一家商業廣播電視公司，起初是一家無線電廣播公司。目前，哥倫比亞廣播公司旗下有一家廣播公司以及數家占據中、大型市場的電視台和廣播電台。
2. ABC (美國廣播公司)
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network. Throughout its history, ABC has supported its financial operations by diversifying into the press, the publishing industry, the operation of theaters, and filmmaking. Many of the companys assets in these fields have been sold to other companies, and since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its operations almost exclusively to television. As one of the “big three television networks”, ABC has broadcast many programs that have contributed significantly to American popular culture. These include classic series such as Zorro, The Untouchables, The Brady Bunch, Happy Days, Roseanne, and The Fugitive; more recent titles such as Castle, Lost, Revenge, Desperate Housewives, and Greys Anatomy.