生活常識12(3 / 3)

為wèi什shén麼me飛fēi機jī能néng在zài天tiān上shɑng飛fēi

飛fēi機jī能néng像xiàng小xiǎo鳥niǎo一yí樣yàng在zài空kōng中zhōng飛fēi行xíng,是shì因yīn為wèi飛fēi機jī也yě有yǒu翅chì膀bǎng,這zhè就jiù

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是shì我wǒ們men平píng時shí所suǒ說shuō的de機jī翼yì。機jī翼yì呈chéng拱gǒng形xíng,上shàng凸tū下xià平píng,形xíng如rú鳥niǎo類lèi翅chì膀bǎng。飛fēi機jī起qǐ飛fēi前qián,先xiān得děi在zài跑pǎo道dào上shɑng跑pǎo一yí會huì兒er。在zài相xiāng同tóng時shí間jiān內nèi,拱gǒng形xíng機jī翼yì上shàng麵miàn的de氣qì流liú走zǒu的de路lù要yào比bǐ機jī翼yì下xià麵miàn的de多duō,速sù度dù快kuài,壓yā強qiáng小xiǎo;而ér機jī翼yì下xià麵miàn的de空kōng氣qì流liú速sù慢màn,壓yā強qiáng較jiào大dà,這zhè樣yàng機jī翼yì上shɑng就jiù形xíng成chéng了le一yí個gè壓yā強qiáng差chā。飛fēi機jī就jiù是shì靠kào這zhè個ge壓yā強qiáng差chā產chǎn生shēng的de升shēng力lì飛fēi上shàng天tiān空kōnɡ的de。

為wèi什shén麼me火huǒ箭jiàn能néng上shàng天tiān

火huǒ箭jiàn能néng在zài天tiān上shɑng飛fēi,靠kào的de是shì燃rán料liào燃rán燒shāo時shí產chǎn生shēng的de反fǎn衝chōng作zuò用yòng力lì。我wǒ們men都dōu會huì有yǒu這zhè樣yàng的de體tǐ驗yàn:用yòng手shǒu拍pāi桌zhuō子zi時shí,會huì感gǎn覺jué手shǒu很hěn疼téng,這zhè是shì因yīn為wèi手shǒu向xiàng桌zhuō子zi施shī加jiā了le作zuò用yòng力lì,而ér桌zhuō子zi也yě會huì給gěi手shǒu一yí個gè大dà小xiǎo相xiāng等děng、方fāng向xiàng相xiāng反fǎn的de反fǎn作zuò用yòng力lì。這zhè就jiù是shì作zuò用yòng力lì與yǔ反fǎn作zuò用yòng力lì原yuán理lǐ。火huǒ箭jiàn中zhōng的de燃rán料liào燃rán燒shāo

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時shí,會huì產chǎn生shēng大dà量liàng的de燃rán氣qì,燃rán氣qì往wǎng下xià噴pēn時shí,產chǎn生shēng的de反fǎn衝chōng力lì就jiù會huì推tuī動dòng火huǒ箭jiàn筆bǐ直zhí上shàng升shēng。火huǒ箭jiàn就jiù是shì靠kào這zhè種zhǒng反fǎn衝chōng力lì在zài宇yǔ宙zhòu空kōng間jiān航háng行xíng的de。

為wèi什shén麼me氣qì球qiú能néng飛fēi上shàng天tiān空kōng

氣qì球qiú五wǔ顏yán六liù色sè的de,能néng在zài空kōng中zhōng飛fēi得de很hěn高gāo,可kě你nǐ知zhī道dào氣qì球qiú為wèi什shén麼me能néng飛fēi上shàng天tiān空kōng嗎mɑ?是shì因yīn為wèi氣qì球qiú的de體tǐ重zhòng太tài輕qīng了le,還hái是shì因yīn為wèi氣qì球qiú受shòu到dào了le空kōng氣qì的de浮fú力lì呢ne?事shì實shí告gào訴sù我wǒ們men,能néng飛fēi上shàng天tiān的de氣qì球qiú和hé它tā的de體tǐ重zhòng無wú關guān,而ér與yǔ氣qì球qiú肚dù子zi裏li裝zhuāng的de氣qì體tǐ有yǒu關guān。人rén們men發fā現xiàn,在zài氣qì球qiú裏li充chōng入rù氫qīng氣qì後hòu,因yīn為wèi氫qīng氣qì的de比bǐ重zhòng比bǐ空kōng氣qì輕qīng很hěn多duō,所suǒ以yǐ空kōng氣qì隻zhǐ需xū要yào輕qīng輕qīng一yì托tuō就jiù能néng把bǎ氣qì球qiú送sòng上shàng天tiān空kōng了le。

為wèi什shén麼me帆fān船chuán在zài逆nì風fēng時shí也yě能néng前qián進jìn

在zài寬kuān闊kuò的de海hǎi麵miàn上shɑng,帆fān船chuán不bú但dàn能néng順shùn風fēng行xíng駛shǐ,有yǒu時shí也yě能néng逆nì風fēng前qián進jìn。

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但dàn逆nì風fēng行xíng船chuán,需xū要yào水shuǐ手shǒu有yǒu多duō年nián的de行xíng船chuán經jīng驗yàn。行xíng船chuán時shí,水shuǐ手shǒu得děi調tiáo整zhěng好hǎo船chuán身shēn和hé船chuán帆fān的de方fāng位wèi,以yǐ便biàn利lì用yòng力lì的de合hé成chéng與yǔ分fēn解jiě原yuán理lǐ,讓ràng風fēng來lái充chōng當dāng行xíng船chuán的de動dòng力lì。經jīng驗yàn表biǎo明míng,如rú果guǒ能néng把bǎ帆fān麵miàn調tiáo整zhěng到dào在zài風fēng與yǔ船chuán身shēn夾jiā角jiǎo的de平píng分fēn線xiàn上shɑng,就jiù可kě使shǐ風fēng的de動dòng力lì達dá到dào最zuì大dà值zhí,這zhè時shí船chuán速sù也yě最zuì快kuài。但dàn要yào做zuò到dào這zhè一yì點diǎn,水shuǐ手shǒu必bì須xū得děi有yǒu足zú夠gòu多duō的de航háng海hǎi經jīng驗yàn。

為wèi什shén麼me船chuán底dǐ漆qī和hé普pǔ通tōng漆qī不bù一yí樣yàng

海hǎi洋yáng是shì個gè龐páng大dà的de生shēng物wù家jiā族zú,裏lǐ麵miàn生shēng活huó著zhe很hěn多duō種zhǒng浮fú遊yóu生shēng物wù,如rú牡mǔ蠣lì、鑿záo船chuán貝bèi等děng。其qí幼yòu體tǐ在zài海hǎi水shuǐ裏li到dào處chù

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漂piāo遊yóu,遇yù到dào大dà船chuán時shí,就jiù牢láo牢láo地de吸xī附fù在zài船chuán底dǐ下xiɑ,漸jiàn漸jiàn長zhǎng為wéi成chéng體tǐ。這zhè些xiē生shēng物wù雖suī不bù起qǐ眼yǎn,但dàn時shí間jiān長cháng了le,就jiù會huì使shǐ船chuán的de速sù度dù明míng顯xiǎn變biàn慢màn。因yīn此cǐ,為wèi了le拒jù載zài這zhè些xiē“旅lǚ客kè”,人rén們men就jiù在zài普pǔ通tōng漆qī裏li加jiā入rù了le氧yǎng化huà亞yà銅tóng、汞gǒng化huà合hé物wù、錫xī有yǒu機jī化huà合hé物wù等děng毒dú劑jì,一yí旦dàn那nà些xiē生shēng物wù靠kào近jìn這zhè些xiē毒dú劑jì就jiù沒méi命mìng了le。

為wèi什shén麼me汽qì車chē後hòu麵miàn的de塵chén土tǔ特tè別bié多duō

汽qì車chē駛shǐ過guò後hòu,我wǒ們men常cháng會huì看kàn到dào汽qì車chē後hòu麵miàn塵chén土tǔ飛fēi揚yáng。這zhè是shì因yīn為wèi汽qì車chē身shēn體tǐ龐páng大dà,飛fēi速sù行xíng駛shǐ時shí,總zǒng要yào排pái開kāi和hé車chē身shēn體tǐ積jī一yí樣yàng大dà的de空kōng氣qì。與yǔ此cǐ同tóng時shí,別bié的de空kōng氣qì就jiù會huì乘chéng機jī補bǔ充chōng進jìn來lái,形xíng成chéng一yì股gǔ渦wō流liú。空kōng氣qì的de渦wō流liú很hěn有yǒu力lì,它tā能néng卷juǎn起qǐ馬mǎ路lù上shɑng的de灰huī塵chén,緊jǐn跟gēn在zài汽qì車chē的de後hòu麵miàn一yì起qǐ跑pǎo,這zhè時shí我wǒ們men就jiù會huì看kàn到dào汽qì車chē過guò後hòu塵chén土tǔ飛fēi揚yáng的de樣yàng子zi了le。人rén體tǐ積jī小xiǎo,走zǒu路lù速sù度dù慢màn,所suǒ以yǐ行xíng走zǒu時shí不bú會huì帶dài起qǐ塵chén土tǔ。

為wèi什shén麼me人rén們men常cháng用yòng紅hóng燈dēng做zuò危wēi險xiǎn的de信xìn號hào

行xíng人rén或huò車chē輛liàng遇yù到dào紅hóng燈dēng時shí,都dōu得děi停tíng下xiɑ來lɑi。夜yè晚wǎn,海hǎi上shɑng的de燈dēng塔tǎ也yě會huì亮liàng起qǐ紅hóng色sè的de明míng燈dēng,來lái指zhǐ引yǐn過guò往wǎng的de船chuán隻zhī。 用yòng紅hóng燈dēng表biǎo示shì危wēi險xiǎn的de信xìn號hào有yǒu兩liǎng點diǎn好hǎo處chu:一yī、紅hóng光guāng是shì太tài陽yáng光guāng中zhōng波bō長cháng最zuì長cháng的de光guāng,能néng穿chuān過guò雨yǔ點diǎn、灰huī塵chén和hé濃nóng霧wù,而ér其qí他tā顏yán色sè的de光guāng則zé不bù能néng穿chuān過guò雨yǔ和hé霧wù。二èr、紅hóng光guāng遇yù到dào微wēi粒lì時shí不bú易yì散sǎn射shè,能néng透tòu過guò透tòu明míng的de微wēi粒lì,而ér紫zǐ光guāng、藍lán光guāng很hěn容róng易yì被bèi散sǎn射shè掉diào。因yīn此cǐ,為wèi了le保bǎo證zhèng安ān全quán行xíng駛shǐ,就jiù選xuǎn用yòng紅hóng燈dēng來lái表biǎo示shì危wēi險xiǎn的de信xìn號hào。

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