until /prep. & conj. 直到…為止；直到…才：You can shop until ten o'clock at night in most supermarkets. 在大多數超市裏，你可以購物直到晚上10點為止。/He waited for her until she finished her work. 他等著她直到她完成工作為止。/He did not come until 10 o'clock. 他直到10點才來。/It was not until he got home that he knew that his parents had prepared a birthday party for him. 直到他回到家，他才知道父母為他準備了生日聚會。
up［E］/prep. 上；在…上；在…那頭；朝（從）…那頭；-adv. （向）上地；上麵地；起；高處地；（走、駛）近地；光（完、盡）；-adj. 起來的；（時間）到的；上漲（升）的：The tiger climbed up the tree. 那隻老虎爬上了樹。/We walked slowly up the hill. 我們慢慢走上山。/They live up the hill. 他們住在山上。/They live up the street. 他們住在街那頭。/They walked up the street. 他們朝街那頭走去。/She is coming up the road. 她正從街那頭走來。/They looked up and saw the balloon in the sky. 他們向上看，看到了天空中的氣球。/He's gone up to his room. 他到上麵房間去了。/He stood up to answer the teacher's question. 他站起回答老師的問題。/The plane is flying 30，000 feet up. 飛機正在3萬英尺高處飛。/She walked up to me. 她走近我。/Then a bus drove up. 接著一輛公交車開近。/He's eaten up the cake. 他把蛋糕吃光了。/I have used up all the paper. 我把所有的紙都用完了。/Is Mike up? 邁克起來了嗎？/Time is up. 時間到了。/The price is up a lot. 價格上漲很多。/The river is up. 河水上漲了。/The temperature is up 10 degrees today. 氣溫今天上升10度。
up to 多達；接近於；由…決定
upon /prep. 在…上；關於；正臨近；一…就：His house stands upon a hill. 他家坐落在山上。/He sat down up the floor. 他在地板上坐下。/He didn't say anything upon the subject. 關於那個話題他什麼都沒說。/The summer vacation is upon us. 暑假正臨近我們。/Upon finishing his studies，he started traveling in China. 一完成學業，他就開始在中國旅行。/Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds sing happily in the park. 春天一到，美麗的鳥兒在公園裏幸福地歌唱。