前言Preface為了便於漢字書法愛好者的國際交流，弘揚和傳播中國的傳統書法，結合漢字書法的有關理論知識和英語的相關知識，我們特地編寫了這本《現代漢字楷書書法漢英手冊》，以彌補當代漢字書法漢英互譯的空白。
ForfacilitatinginternationalexchangebetweenChinesecalligraphylovers,andpropagatingChinesetraditionalcalligraphy,wewrite“AChinese-EnglishHandbookoftheModernChineseRegularScript”onthebasicofthecombinationbetweentherelevanttheoreticalknowledgeandChinesecalligraphyandEnglish,tofillintheblanksofChinese-EnglishtranslationofthecontemporaryChinesecalligraphy.
漢字是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是唯一至今仍在運用的古老文字。它在中華民族幾千年的文明演變中，適應時代的發展而不斷變化、完善，最終形成和其他門類並立的獨特的書法藝術，這在世界文明發展曆史上是獨一無二的文化奇跡。
Chinesecharacterisoneofthemostancientcharactersintheworld,aswellastheonlyancientcharacterwhichisstillinuse.DuringthousandyearsofcivilizationofChinesenation,Chinesecharactershaschangedandimprovedconstantlytoadapttothetimes.
Finallyithasbecomeaspecialcalligraphyartamongmanyotherkindsofarts.Itisauniqueculturalmiracleinthehistoryoftheworldcivilization.
中國書法是一門古老的漢字書寫藝術，是一種很獨特的視覺藝術。從迄今考古文物發展發掘的情況判斷，中國書法始於五千年前中國黃河流域的古陶器文，再經由甲骨文、金文演變為大篆、小篆、隸書，至東漢、魏、晉時定型為楷書、草書、行書諸體，書法一直散發著獨特的藝術魅力。可以說，書法是一棵大樹，篆書是大樹的根，隸書是樹幹，楷書是樹枝，行書和草書001則是樹上的花和果。也就是說，篆書是隸書的母體，隸書是楷書的母體。
Chinesecalligraphyisanancientwritingartaswellasanuniquevisualart.Accordingtocurrentexcavationanddevelopmentofarchaeologicalrelics,ChinesecalligraphybeganwiththecharacterontheancientpotteryofYellowRiverbasinfivethousandyearsago,fromtheinscriptionsonoraclebones,inscriptionsonbronze,tolargesealscript,smallsealscript,officialscript,andfinallyevolvedintoregularscript,cursivescriptandrunningscriptintheEasternHanDynasty,theWeiDynastyandtheJinDynasty.Calligraphyhasalwaysexudeduniqueartisticcharms.Itcanbesaidthatthecalligraphyisabigtree,withsealscriptastheroot,officialscriptasthetrunk,regularscriptasthebranch,whilerunningscriptandcursivescriptastheflowersandfruits.Namely,sealscriptistheparentofofficialscript,whileofficialscriptisthesourceofregularscript.
中國書法是中國漢字特有的一種傳統藝術。從廣義上講，書法是指語言符號的書寫法則。換言之，書法是指按照文字特點及其含義，以其書體、筆法、結構和章法寫字，使之成為富有美感的藝術作品。中國書法的線條可以體現書寫人的個性特征，書寫時的喜怒哀樂、平和與激動等心情。中國書法用線條造型，書寫具有特征的漢字，體現輕、重、緩、急、枯、濕、濃、淡、澀等藝術。
ChinesecalligraphyisauniquetraditionalartofChinesecharacters.Broadlyspeaking,calligraphyreferstowritingrulesoflanguagesymbols.Inotherwords,calligraphyreferstocharacteristicsandmeaningofthewrittenlanguage,writingwithitsstyle,stroke,structureandartmakesitbeartisticworkrichinaesthetic.StrokesofChinesecalligraphycanreflectwriters’personality,andshowtheirhappiness,anger,sadness,joy,peaceofmindandexcitement,etc.atthetimeofperformance.Chinesecalligraphyismodeledwithlines,whichembodiestheartoflightness,heaviness,slowness,urgence,dryness,wetness,thickness,weakness,acerbityandsoonbywritingcharacterswithfeatures.
漢字書法是中華民族獨創的表現藝術，被譽為“無言的詩，無行的舞，無圖的畫，無聲的樂”。書法的脈絡就是漢字的脈絡。漢字發展到一定的高度，書法藝術便應運而生。與漢字不同的是，書法藝術不僅局限於實用功能，它伴隨著中華文明史的發展走過了漫長的曆程。書法不僅體現了中華民族修養身心、完善人格的過程，還為後世留下了一筆沉澱千年的精神002財富。學習和練習中國書法，具有提高腦神經和手指等的靈敏度，加強思想注意力，培養耐心和毅力，預防老年癡呆，延年益壽的作用，所以中國書畫家普遍長壽。
ChinesecalligraphyisauniqueperformanceartoftheChinesenation,whichispraisedas“apoemwithoutwords,adancewithoutbehavior,apaintingwithoutpictureandamusicwithoutsound”.ThecontextofcalligraphyisthecontextofChinesecharacters.WhentheChinesecharacterhaddevelopedtoacertainstage,theartofcalligraphyemergedatahistoricmoment.DifferentfromChinesecharacters,calligraphyartisbeyondutilityfunctionandexistsalongwiththedevelopmentofChinesecivilizationforalongperiodoftime.Itnotonlybecomesaprocessofself-cultivationandpersonalityperfectforChinese,butalsoleavesaspiritualwealthwhichhasprecipitatedthousandsofyearsforthelatergenerations.LearningandpracticingChinesecalligraphymayhelpincreasesensitivityincranialnerveandfingers,promoteconcentration,cultivatepatienceandwillpowerandpreventseniledementia,andcanenjoyprolongedlifeandpromotedhealththroughit.Therefore,Chinesepaintersandcalligraphersaregenerallyknownfortheirlongevity.
中國書法主要有五種書體，就是楷書體（包括魏碑、正楷），行書體（包括行楷、行草），草書體（包括章草、小草、大草、標準草書），隸書體（包括古隸、今隸），以及篆書體（包括大篆、小篆）。本書主要介紹其中一種楷書的書法情況。
TherearemainlyfivekindsofchirographyinChinesecalligraphy，whichincludesKaistyle(regularscript)(includingtheWeitabletandblockletters),Hsinstyle(runningscript)(includingrunningregularscriptandrunningcursivescript),TsaoorCaostyle(cursivescript)(includingcursivehandofChinesecalligraphyorZhangCaoScript,smallcursive,largecursiveandstandardcursivehand),Listyle(Clericalstyleorofficialscript)(includingancientofficialscriptandmodernofficialscript)andZuanstyle(Sealcharacters)(includinglargesealcharactersandsmallsealcharacters).Thishandbookmainlyintroducesrelativeknowledgeaboutregularscript.
本手冊主要分為四個部分。第一部分為漢字楷書書法的主要筆畫介紹，第二部分主要分析漢字楷書的基本筆畫，第三部分主要介紹漢字楷書基本筆畫的運用，第四部分為漢字楷書部首字根的書寫方法。這是專門為003廣大漢字書法愛好者（尤其是外國友人和英語愛好者）學習漢字書法而創作的一部工具書。
Thishandbookisdividedintofourparts.ThefirstsectionintroducesthemaincalligraphystrokesofChineseregularscript.ThesecondsectionmainlyanalysesthebasicstrokesofChineseregularscript.ThethirdsectionmainlyintroducestheapplicationofthebasicstrokesofChineseregularscript.ThefourthsectionintroducesthewritingmethodofradicalsandrootsofChineseregularscript.ItisaspecialreferencebookforthevastChinesecharacterscalligraphylovers(especiallyfortheforeignfriendsandloversofEnglish)tolearnChinesecalligraphy.
由於編者水平有限，書中如有不當之處，敬請批評指正。
Duetothelimitedleveloftheeditor,ifthereareimperfectionsinthishandbook,pleasekindlygiveyourcriticizeandadvice.
編者楊誌明EditorYangZhiming2019年12月InDecember，2019004目錄Contents第一部分漢字楷書書法的主要筆畫介紹SectionITheintroductionofthemaincalligraphystrokesofChineseregularscript一、楷書的基本情況Basicstatesofregularscript…………………………001二、楷書的基本筆畫Basicstrokesofregularscript…………………………002第二部分漢字楷書的基本筆畫SectionIIThebasicstrokesofChineseregularscript1.點Dian(Thestrokeofdot)……………………………………………0051-1斜點Xiedian(Obliquedot)…………………………………………0051-2豎點Shudian(Verticaldot)…………………………………………0061-3左點Zuodian(Leftdot)……………………………………………0061-4右點Youdian(Rightdot)……………………………………………0071-5撇點Piedian(Left-fallingdot)………………………………………0081-6挑點Tiaodian(Risingdot)…………………………………………0082.橫Heng(Thestrokeofhorizontal)……………………………………0092-1短橫Duanheng(Shorthorizontal)……………………………………0092-2長橫Changheng(Longhorizontal)……………………………………0103.豎Shu(Thestrokeofvertical)…………………………………………0113-1懸針豎Xuanzhenshu(Verticalasahangingneedle)…………………0113-2垂露豎Chuilushu(Verticalasadewdrop)……………………………0110014.撇Pie(Left-fallingstroke)……………………………………………0124-1長斜撇Changxiepie(Longandobliqueleft-fallingstroke)……………0124-2短斜撇Duanxiepie(Shortandobliqueleft-fallingstroke)………………0134-3豎撇Shupie(Verticalleft-fallingstroke)………………………………0144-4回鋒撇Huifengpie(Left-fallingstrokewithwritingbrushback)…………0144-5蘭葉撇\/月彎撇Lanyepie\/Yuewanpie(Left-fallingstrokeasanorchidleaf\/Left-fallingstrokeasacrescent)…………………………………………0154-6彎頭撇Wantoupie(Left-fallingstrokeasanelbow)……………………0165.捺Na(Right-fallingstroke)……………………………………………0175-1斜捺Xiena(Obliqueright-fallingstroke)……………………………0175-2平捺Pingna(Parallelright-fallingstroke)……………………………0175-3反捺Fanna(Converseright-fallingstroke)……………………………0186.鉤Gou(Thestrokeofhook)…………………………………………0196-1橫鉤Henggou(Horizontalhook)……………………………………0196-2橫折鉤（1）Hengzhegou(Horizontalandfoldinghook(1)………………0196-3橫折鉤（2）Hengzhegou(Horizontalandfoldinghook)(2)……………0206-4橫折鉤（3）Hengzhegou(HorizontalandfoldingHook)(3)……………0216-5豎鉤Shugou(Verticalhook)…………………………………………0216-6斜鉤Xiegou(Obliquehook)…………………………………………0226-7臥鉤Wogou(Lyinghook)……………………………………………0236-8豎彎鉤\/豎折鉤Shuwangou\/Shuzhegou(Verticalandbendinghook\/Verticalandturninghook)………………………………………………0236-9彎弧鉤WanHugou(Bendingandcurvinghook)………………………0246-10右向鉤Youxianggou(Right-facinghook)…………………………0256-11橫折背鉤Hengzhebeigou(Horizontalandfoldingbackhook)………0266-12橫折折鉤Hengzhezhegou(Horizontal,foldingandfoldinghook)……0267.挑Tiao(Risingstroke)…………………………………………………0277-1右向挑Youxiangtiao(Right-facingrisingstroke)……………………0277-2上向挑Shangxiangtiao(Upwardrisingstroke)………………………0280028.折Zhe(Foldingstroke)…………………………………………………0288-1橫折Hengzhe(Horizontalandfoldingstroke)…………………………0288-2豎折Shuzhe(Verticalandfoldingstroke)……………………………0298-3斜折點\/撇折點Xiezhedian\/Piezhedian(Obliqueandfoldingdot\/Left-fallingandfoldingdot)……………………………………………0308-4撇折\/撇折橫Piezhe\/Piezheheng(Left-fallingandfoldingstroke\/left-fallingandfoldinghorizontal)………………………………………0318-5橫折撇Hengzhepie(Horizontalandfoldingleft-fallingstroke)…………0328-6角折Jiaozhe(Anglefoldingstroke)……………………………………0338-7豎彎折Shuwanzhe(Verticalandbendingfoldingstroke)………………034第三部分漢字楷書基本筆畫的運用SectionIIITheapplicationofbasicstrokesofChineseregularscript一、單筆畫的運用Theapplicationofsinglestroke…………………………0351.點的運用Theapplicationofdot…………………………………………0352.橫的運用Theapplicationofhorizontal……………………………………0363.豎的運用Theapplicationofvertical………………………………………0364.鉤的運用Theapplicationofhook………………………………………0375.撇的運用Theapplicationofleft-fallingstroke……………………………0376.捺的運用Theapplicationofright-fallingstroke…………………………0387.折的運用Theapplicationoffoldingstroke………………………………0388.挑的運用Theapplicationofrisingstroke…………………………………038二、結構筆畫的運用Theapplicationofstructuralstroke……………………0391.獨體結構Thestructureofsingle-elementcharacter………………………0392.左右結構（左讓右）Left-rightstructure(theleftstrokemakesspacefortherightstroke)…………………………………………………………0393.左右結構（右讓左）Left-rightstructure(therightstrokemakesspacefortheleftstroke)…………………………………………………………0400034.左右結構（左右各半）Left-rightstructure(abouthalfofeach)……………0415.左右結構（左短右長）Left-rightstructure(theleftstrokeisshorterandtherightstrokeislonger)……………………………………………………0416.左右結構（左長右短）Left-rightstructure(theleftstrokeislongerandtherightstrokeisshorter)…………………………………………………0427.左右結構（上平下不齊）Left-rightstructure(theupperpartisevenandtheunderpartisnoteven)…………………………………………………0438.左右結構（下齊上不平）Left-rightstructure(theunderpartisevenandtheupperpartisnoteven)…………………………………………………0439.左右結構（左右不平齊）Left-rightstructure(theleftandtherightarenoteven)…………………………………………………………………………04410.左中右結構Left-middle-rightstructure…………………………………04511.上下結構Upper-lowerstructure………………………………………04512.上下結構（組合型）Upper-lowerstructure(combinationtype)………………04613.上中下結構Upper-middle-lowerstructure………………………………04714.包圍結構Enclosingstructure…………………………………………048三、筆畫之間的相互搭配Collocationbetweenstrokes………………………0491.輕重搭配Thelight-heavycollocation……………………………………0491-1橫輕豎重Thehorizontalstrokeiswrittenlightlyandtheverticalstrokeiswrittenheavily…………………………………………………0491-2撇輕捺重Theleft-fallingstrokeiswrittenlightlyandtheright-fallingstrokeiswrittenheavily…………………………………………………0501-3短重長輕Theshortstrokeiswrittenheavilyandthelongstrokeiswrittenlightly…………………………………………………………0501-4左輕右重Theleftstrokeiswrittenlightlyandtherightstrokeiswrittenheavily…………………………………………………………0511-5內輕外重Theinnerstrokeiswrittenlightlyandtheouterstrokeiswrittenheavily…………………………………………………………0511-6多輕少重Morestrokesarewrittenlightlyandfewerstrokesare004writtenheavily…………………………………………………………0522.主次分明Theprimaryandsecondarystrokesaredistinct……………………0522-1主筆宜長Themajorstrokesshouldbelonger…………………………0522-2同畫求變Thesamestrokerequireschange……………………………0532-3左低右高Thestrokeontheleftislowerandthestrokeontherightishigher……………………………………………………………………………053第四部分漢字楷書部首字根的書寫方法SectionIVThewritingmethodofradicalsandrootsofChineseregularscript1.亻部兩筆Radical亻withtwostrokes……………………………………0552.刂部兩筆Radical刂withtwostrokes……………………………………0553.左阝部兩筆Radicalleft阝withtwostrokes………………………………0564.右阝部兩筆Radicalright阝withtwostrokes……………………………0565.廣部三筆Radical廣withthreestrokes……………………………………0576.彳部三筆Radical彳withthreestrokes……………………………………0577.氵部三筆Radical氵withthreestrokes…………………………………0588.宀部三筆Radical宀withthreestrokes……………………………………0589.忄部三筆Radical忄withthreestrokes……………………………………05910.口部三筆Radical口withthreestrokes…………………………………05911.扌部三筆Radical扌withthreestrokes…………………………………06012.土部三筆Radical土withthreestrokes…………………………………06013.山部三筆Radical山withthreestrokes…………………………………06114.弓部三筆Radical弓withthreestrokes…………………………………06115.犭部三筆Radical犭withthreestrokes…………………………………06216.女部三筆Radical女withthreestrokes…………………………………06217.子部三筆Radical子withthreestrokes…………………………………06318.辶部三筆Radical辶withthreestrokes…………………………………06319.王部四筆Radical王withfourstrokes……………………………………06400520.攵部四筆Radical攵withfourstrokes……………………………………06421.木部四筆Radical木withfourstrokes……………………………………06522.心部四筆Radical心withfourstrokes……………………………………06523.艸部四筆Radical艸withfourstrokes……………………………………06624.方部四筆Radical方withfourstrokes……………………………………06625.月部四筆Radical月withfourstrokes…………………………………………06726.灬部四筆Radical灬withfourstrokes……………………………………06727.禾部五筆Radical禾withfivestrokes……………………………………06828.皿部五筆Radical皿withfivestrokes……………………………………06829.石部五筆Radical石withfivestrokes……………………………………06930.礻部四筆Radical礻withfourstrokes……………………………………06931.衤部五筆Radical衤withfivestrokes……………………………………07032.米部六筆Radical米withsixstrokes……………………………………07033.蟲部六筆Radical蟲withsixstrokes……………………………………07134.走部七筆Radical走withsevenstrokes…………………………………07135.糸部六筆Radical糸withsixstrokes……………………………………07236.食部八筆Radical食witheightstrokes…………………………………07237.金部八筆Radical金witheightstrokes…………………………………07338.魚部十一筆Radical魚withelevenstrokes……………………………………073006第一部分漢字楷書書法的主要筆畫介紹SectionITheintroductionofthemaincalligraphystrokesofChineseregularscript一、楷書的基本情況Basicstatesofregularscript楷書，也稱正楷、真書、正書。它是從隸書逐漸演變而來的。這種字體更趨簡化，字形也由扁狀改為方形。筆畫中省略了漢隸的波勢。《辭海》中對它的解釋是：“形體方正，筆畫平直，可作楷模，故名。”Regularscriptisalsoknownasblockletters,realscriptandformalscript.Itisevolvedgraduallyfromofficialscript.Thisfonttendstobemoresimple.Thefigureofcharacterisalsochangedfromflattosquare.ThewavepotentialoftheHanDynasty’sofficialscriptisomittedinthestroke.Theexplanationofregularscriptin“Unabridgeddictionary”goeslikethis:“Theformationofthecharacterisuprightandfoursquare,thestrokeisflatandstraight,soitcanserveasamodel.Thuscomesthisname.”楷書始於漢朝末年，通行至今，並且長盛不衰。楷書的產生緊扣漢隸的規矩法度，而又追求形體美的進一步發展。我們所言的楷書，係指成熟於唐的這種官方字體，那時叫“正書”。因為“楷”有法式、模範的意思，因此正書也叫楷書。其實，篆書是秦代的“正書”，隸書是漢代的“正書”，唐代以後的楷書就是“正書”了。