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{32}Johannes Nicolaisen，Ecology and Culture of the Pastoral Tuareg (Copenhagen：National Museum，1963)，63.
{33}Angus Maddison，The World Economy，vol.2(Paris：Development Centre of the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development，2006)，636；"Historical Estimates of World Population"，U.S.Census Bureau，accessed December 10，2010，http：//www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html.
{34}Robert B.Mark，The Origins of the Modern World：A Global and Ecological Narrative (Lanham，MD：Rowman &Littlefield Publishers，2002)，24.
{35}Raymond Westbrook，'Old Babylonian Period'，in A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law，vol.1，ed.Raymond Westbrook (Leiden：Brill，2003)，361-430；Martha T.Roth，Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor，2nd ed.(Atlanta：Scholars Press，1997)，71-142；M.E.J.Richardson，Hammurabi's Laws：Text，Translation and Glossary (London：T &T Clark International，2000).
{36}Roth，Law Collections from Mesopotamia，76.
{37}Roth，Law Collections from Mesopotamia，121.
{38}Roth，Law Collections from Mesopotamia，122-23.