Thoughts in Westminster Abbey fexcerpted J
1"oseph Addison
約瑟夫·艾迪生(Joseph Addison,1672一1719年),英國文學評論家、著名散文家、劇作家、詩人,曾任副國務大臣,議會議員等職。他是英國期刊文學的創始人之一。艾迪生於1672年5月1日,在英國西南部的威爾特郡(Wihshire)出生,父親是立斯菲爾德(Lichfield)的教長。1693年艾迪生寄給著名詩人約翰·德萊頓(John DrTden)一首詩,1694年艾迪生撰寫的一部有關英國詩人生平的書獲得出版。1699年艾迪生開始為從事外交工作接受訓練,遊曆歐洲各國,同時研究政治。1705年他在哈利法克斯的政府中工作,出任副國務秘書,1708年當選國會議員,之後被派往愛爾蘭,在那裏度過一年,並結識了喬納森·斯威夫特(JonathanSwift)。
回到英國後他與斯蒂爾合作創辦雜誌《閑談者》,兩人在1711年創辦了另一份雜誌《旁觀者》,艾迪生此時成為一名非常成功的劇作家。在這些刊物上發表的作品,使他在寫作技巧上把英語散文提高到前所未有的完美境界。艾迪生對生活的觀察客觀、深入,並對一些嚴肅重大的主題發表過發人深省的評論,他的文風洗練、整肅、精確,是英國迄今為止最好的散文作家之一,主要作品有《科弗萊的羅傑爵士在家中》《羅傑爵士和威爾·溫伯》《羅傑爵士在教堂》等等。
1716年,艾迪生與沃裏克伯爵夫人結婚,17‘17年至1718年,他擔任了國務秘書,後因健康原因被迫辭職,但是直到去世,他一直都擔任國會議員。1719年6月艾迪生去世,被埋葬在西敏寺。
When I have a heary heart,I very often walk by myself in Westminster Abbey:where the gloominess of the place,and the use t0~hich it is applied,with the solemnity of the building,and the condition of the people who lie in it,are apt to fill the mind with a kind of melancholy,or rather thoughtfulness,that is not disagreeable.I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the churchyard,the cloisters,and the church,amusing myself with the tombstones and inscriptions that I met with in those several regions of the dead.Most of them recorded nothing else of the buried person,but that he was born upon one day,and died upon another:the whole history of his life being comprehended in those two circum stances,that are common to all mankind.I could not but look upon these registers of existence,whether of brass or marble,as a kind of satire upon the departed persons;who had left no other memorial of them,but that they were born and that they died.They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of heroic poems,who have sounding names given them,for no other reason but that they may be killed,and are celebrated for nothing but being knocked on the head.The life of these men is finely described in Bible by the path of an arrow,which is immediately closed up and lost.