IntheUnitedStates，someprovincialjurisdictionshavemadeitacrimeforconsentingadultsofthesamesextohavesexualrelationsinthehome，evenwhenthesamerelationswouldbelegalifengagedinbypersonsofdifferentsexes（Eskridge，1999，app.A1）.Thisepitomizesanti-gaydiscrimination：thesamephysicalactivities（typically，oralsex）arecriminaliftwowomendoitbutperfectlylegalifthewomandoesitwithaman.Althoughthewoman-womancoupleisdifferentthanthewoman-mancouple，thedifferenceisnotmateriallyrelatedtothepurposeofthecriminallaw，toprotectpersonsagainstunconsentedsexualassault.TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtoriginallysuggestedthatstatescouldadoptsuchdiscriminatorylaws，butin2003theCourtruledthattheselawsviolatedtheU.S.Constitution（Lawrencev.Texas，2003）.
（b）TargetedExclusionsofGayPeople.Theforegoingexamplesarediscriminatorypoliciesthatsingleoutlesbiansandgaymenforspecialpenalties.Otherdiscriminatorypoliciessingleoutlesbiansandgaymenforspecialexclusionorsegregation.（TheclassicexampleofdiscriminatoryexclusionistheapartheidpolicyfollowedinSouthAfricaandseveralAmericanprovincesduringthetwentiethcentury.）IntheUnitedStatesandpartsofEurope，governmentsinthe1950shadpoliciesthattheoreticallyexcludedhomosexualsfromserviceinthearmedforces，publicemployment，professionallicenses，immigrationandcitizenship，voting，andsecurityclearances（Johnson，2004）.Weretheseexclusionarypolicies“discriminations”asweusethattermtoday？Consideracommonexample.